Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
b節(jié)。
1.junk un。無用的東西;無用的東西。無用的東西
He threw away all the junk in the
基欽。
他扔掉了廚房里所有的舊雜物。
junk food n .垃圾食品
Too much junk food太多垃圾食品
We shouldn't eat junk food。
我們不應(yīng)該吃垃圾食品。
2.coffee ['kfi] n .咖啡
coffee un。
Would you like a cup of coffee?
想喝杯咖啡嗎?
黑色咖啡(不加牛奶)
coffee cn。一杯咖啡
Pl。coffees
We'll have two teas and one coffee .
我們想要兩杯茶和一杯咖啡。
Health [hel ] n .健康;人的身體
或者上帝的狀態(tài)
Healthhealthyhealthily
helder un。
Junk food is bad for our health。
垃圾食品對我們的健康有害。
Health is more important than
沃爾特。
健康比財富更重要。
in good health身體健康
He is in good health。他身體健康。
in bad/poor health身體不健康
Keep in good health
=保持keep healthy健康
healthy adj .健康
同義詞:fit adj健康
比較水平,最高:healthier healthiest
可以作為定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)。
作為定語
A healthy baby健康寶寶
Healthy food健康食品
Healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
Have a healthy eating habit
有健康的飲食習(xí)慣
Eat a healthy breakfast
吃健康的早餐
說標(biāo)語
Be healthy很健康
Keep/stay healthy
=keep fit保持健康
It is very important for us to
Keep healthy。
保持健康對我們很重要。
作為客人補(bǔ)充
Keep sb。healthy
使某人保持健康。
Keep us healthy
讓我們保持健康。
Do you know the ways to keep
美國健康?
你知道我們能保持健康的地方。
法律?
healthily adv .健康地
修飾行為動詞作為副詞。
比較級別,最高級別:more/most
赫爾德希利
live heltly健康地生活著
[注意]以下兩句話:
eat healthily健康飲食
動詞短語可以用作謂語。
We should eat healthily。
我們要健康飲食。
healthy eating健康飲食
名詞短語可以用作主語、標(biāo)語、賓語等。
Healthy eating is very important
For us in our daily life。
健康的食物在我們的日常生活中很好。
很重要。
4.結(jié)果[r 'zlt]。結(jié)果;結(jié)果。結(jié)果
Result cn。pl。results
the result of.結(jié)果
The teacher told us the result of
The survey。
老師告訴了我們調(diào)查結(jié)果。
as a result結(jié)果
只能使用a。
He had some bad meat.as a
Result,he felt sick。
他吃了壞肉,感到不舒服。
a/the result of
=becaus
e of 由于……的結(jié)果后接n./pron./doing,此用法用a
或the 均可。
He was late as a/the result of
the heavy rain.
=He was late because of the
heavy rain.
由于下大雨,他遲到了。
5.percent [p?'sent] n.(=per cent)
百分之...
◆percent是可數(shù)名詞,但通常用單
數(shù)形式。與數(shù)詞連用時,數(shù)詞應(yīng)置
于percent之前。
◆基數(shù)詞+percent of...作主語時, of
后接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)
形式; of后接可數(shù)名 詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞
賓格復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Forty percent of them/us/you are
from China.
他們/我們/你們中百分之四十來自
中國。
Fifty percent of the students use
the Internet every day.
百分之五十的學(xué)生每天都上網(wǎng)。
Sixty percent of the tea is produced
in the south.
60%的茶葉產(chǎn)自南方。
◆同義句,注意疑問詞。
What percent of the students use
the Internet every day?
=How many percent of the students
use the Internet every day?
百分之幾的學(xué)生每天使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)?
6.online [??n'la?n] adj.&adv.在線(的);
聯(lián)網(wǎng)(的)
① online adj. 在線的;聯(lián)網(wǎng)的
online shopping 網(wǎng)上購物
online chatting 網(wǎng)上聊天
online education 在線教育;網(wǎng)上
教育;
play online games玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲
He is online the whole day.
他整天掛在網(wǎng)上。
②online adv. 在線;聯(lián)網(wǎng)
He likes reading online.
他喜歡網(wǎng)上閱讀。
He likes going/getting online.
他喜歡上網(wǎng)。
He likes shopping online(adv.).
=He likes online(adj.)shopping.
他喜歡網(wǎng)上購物。
7.television ['tel?v??n] n.電視節(jié)目;
電視機(jī)
TV is short for television.
TV是television的縮寫形式。
◆watch TV=watch television 看電視
8.although [??l'e??] conj.雖然;
盡管;即使
although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
該從句不能像中文“雖然…但是…”
一樣,組成 although…but…。
即although從句不能與并列連詞but
連用,although和but只能用其中
一個。
◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
Although he is busy, he tries to
help us.
=He is busy, but he tries to help us.
他盡管他很忙,他還是盡力幫助
我們。
【辨析】although/though
①用作連詞,表示“雖然;盡管;
即使”,二者可互換,但although
比though更為正式。
Though/Although he lives alone,
he is happy.
=He lives alone, but he is happy.
=He is happy though/although he
lives alone.
雖然他一個人住,但他很快樂。
②though可作副詞, 意為“可是,
不過”。
置于句末(不放在句首),其前常
有逗號;而although一般不用作副
詞。
It's hard work,I enjoy it, though.
這是苦差事,可我喜歡。
③在even though(即使,縱然)固定
短語中, 不能用although代替
though。
Even though it was snowing,he
went to buy bread
盡管在下雪,他還是去買面包了。
9.through [θru?] prep.以;憑借;穿過
①through prep.以;憑借
◆through+n./pron./doing
The best way to relax is through
exercise.
最好的放松方式是通過鍛煉。
We get a lot of information
through the Internet.
我們通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)得到很多信息。
◆through doing=by doing
He learned to cook through/by
watching his father in the ketchen.
他通過在廚房觀察父親做飯來學(xué)
習(xí)烹飪。
②through prep.穿過
【辨析】across 、through、past
①across prep.過;穿過;橫過
指從物體表面的一邊“橫過”到另
一邊;含義與on有關(guān)。
across the road/street/bridge/
river/square
穿過馬路/大街/橋/河/廣場
② through prep.穿過;從…中穿過
指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭;含
義與in有關(guān)。
through the forest/woods/window
/gate/doorhpark/crowd/village
穿過森林/樹林/窗戶/大門口/門口/公
園/人群/村莊
They walked through the park
together. 他們一起步行穿過公園。
③past prep.& adv.經(jīng)過;路過
指從旁邊經(jīng)過或路過。
go past the bank
=pass the bank 路過銀行
He walked past quickly and didn't
say hello to us.
他快速走過去,沒有向我們打招呼。
10.mind [ma?nd] .頭腦;心智
◆change one's mind 改變想法
◆in one's mind 在某人心里,在某人
腦海里
You are the best in my mind.
在我心目中你是最棒的。
◆keep …in mind 牢記;記住
Please keep them in mind.
請把它們牢牢記住。
【拓展】mind v. 介意
① Never mind . 不介意。
用來回答sorry。
②mind doing
Would you mind closing the door?
你介意把門關(guān)上嗎?
11.body ['b?di] n.身體
body cn. pl. bodies
①表示與精神(mind)相對的“身體"。
His body is old, but his mind
is young.
他身體雖然老了,但心還很年輕。
◆body and mind
或mind and body 身心
Exercise is good for our mind and
our body.
鍛煉對我們的頭腦和身體都有好處。
②側(cè)重指軀體、軀干等的“身體"。
keep our body warm 保持身體暖和
Everyone wants to have a healthy
body。
每個人都想擁有健康的身體。
12.such [s?t?] adj.& pron.這樣的;
那樣的;類似的
such as例如;像…這樣
表示舉例,后接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
即:such as+n./pron./doing
注意:
◆ 名詞+such as+例子
I like fruit, such as apples, oranges
and grapes.
我喜歡水果,如蘋果、桔子和葡萄。
◆也可為“such+名詞+as+例子”。
I like such fruit as apples, oranges
and grapes.
我喜歡蘋果、桔子和葡萄等水果。
◆若such as后接動詞,通常用動名
詞。
I like sports, such as running and
playing volleyball.
我喜歡運動,比如跑步和打排球。
◆不可按漢語意思將such as 用作such
like。
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像他看起來那么傻。
◆such as 是不完全列舉,其后不可
列出前面所提過的所有東西。
正:I know four languages, such as
French and English.
我懂四種語言,如法語、英語。
誤:I know four languages, such as
Chinese, French, Japanese and
English.
【辨析】so…that與such…that
如此…以至于…
that后都接從句,so…that與such…
that的區(qū)別,其實就是so與such的區(qū)
別。
so 和such詞性不同。such是形容詞,
修飾名詞;so是副詞,修飾形容詞或
副詞。
①so…that
◆so+adj./adv. + that + 從句
This book is so interesting that
I have read three times.
這本書如此有趣以至于我讀了三遍。
He spoke so quickly that I couldn't
understand him.
他說得如此快以至于我不明白他。
◆so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that
so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that
There are so many people in the
park that it's hard for me to find
him 。
公園里有那么多人,我很難找到他.
He had so little money that he
spent his days at home.
他沒什么錢,以至于整天呆在家里。
◆so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that+從句
She is so lovely a girl that everyone
loves her.
她是如此可愛的一個女孩,以至于大
家都喜歡她。
② such…that…如此…以至于…
◆such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that+從句
◆such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句
◆such+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+that+從
句
They are such kind people that we
all like them.
他們是那么善良的人以至于我們都
喜歡他們。
It is such fine weather that we
all want to go hiking.
天氣這么好,我們都想去遠(yuǎn)足。
She is such a lovely girl that
everyone loves her.
她是如此可愛的一個女孩,以至每
個人都喜歡她。
【注意】
①such能直接修飾名詞。
◆such+a/an+單數(shù)名詞
◆such+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
◆such+不可數(shù)名詞
such a thing這樣的事
such a man這樣一個人
such things 諸如此類的事情
such tea 那樣的茶
How can you make such tea?
你怎么能制成那樣的茶?
②上述用法中,
so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞
=such+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞
注意冠詞位置。
She is so good a girl.
=She is such a good girl.
她是那么好的女孩。
That is so old a house.
= That is such an old house.
那是一棟如此古老的房子。
13.together [t?'ɡee?(r)] adv.在一起;
共同
◆修飾行為動詞及其短語,置于其后。
act together共同行動
live together一起生活
play together一起玩耍
spend time together共度時光
work together一起工作
go home together 一起回家
get together 聚在一起;相聚
Let's go home together.
咱們一起回家吧。
Every weekend they get together
to have a big meal.
每周末他們聚在一起吃一頓大餐。
◆A together with B 與…一樣
如果此短語出現(xiàn)在主語后面,謂語動
詞的人稱和 數(shù)只能和A保持一致,與
B無關(guān)。
Tom,together with his mother is
cooking in the kitchen.
湯姆和他媽媽正在廚房做飯。
14.die [da?] v.消失;滅亡 ;死亡
◆ Old habits die hard.舊習(xí)難改。
此句為英語中的一句諺語。
◆ die是短暫性動詞,不能和時間段
連用。常用于過 去時中,過去式為
died。
Plants and people will die without
water.
沒有水,植物和人都會死。
His grandfather died in 1990.
他的祖父1990年去世。
【拓展】die v.→ dead adj.→death
n.→dying adj.
①dead adj. 死的
作表語,定語。
be dead 能與時間段連用。
He has been dead for ten years.
他死了10年了。
She looked at her dead dog sadly.
傷心地看著她死去的貓狗。
② dying adj. 將死的
This is a dying dog.
這是一只垂死的狗。
The doctors have saved the dying
man.
醫(yī)生們救活了那個垂死的人。
③death n.死亡
The accident has caused a lot of
deaths.
那次事故造成很多人死亡。
He gave up studying after his
father's death.
◆the death of… 的死
He won't forget the death of his
dog. 他不會忘記他的狗死了。
15.writer ['ra?t?(r)] n.作者;作家
①英語中,很多“動詞+er”,變成名
詞,即執(zhí)行這個動作的人,如:
teach(v.教)→teacher(n.教師)
work (v.工作)→worker(n.工人)
cleaner清潔工; famer農(nóng)民;
singer 歌手;reader 讀者;
listener 聽者;speaker 演講者,說話的人;
climber 攀登者; painter 畫家;
killer殺手; murderer謀殺犯;
thinker 思想家
②以e結(jié)尾的動詞,只加r,變成執(zhí)行這
個動作的人,如:
write (v.寫)→writer (n.作者,作家,寫
字的人)
driver 司機(jī) ;dancer 舞者;organizer
組織者 ;maker生產(chǎn)者,制訂者
③ 雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加er,變成執(zhí)
行這個動作的人,如:
winner 獲勝者; runner 跑步者
④但是有些動詞+er,變成的名詞是表
示某事物。
◆ cooker n.“ 廚具”;“廚師”是
cook。
◆drawer n. “抽屜”;“畫家”是
painter,artist。
◆laughter n.“笑,笑聲”;不是
“發(fā)出笑聲的人”。
◆bread maker“ 面包機(jī)”,不是
“烤面包的人”。
◆CD player CD “播放機(jī)”,
player有兩個中文意思:隊員;播
放機(jī)。
16.dentist ['dent?st] n.牙科醫(yī)生
cn. pl. dentists
see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)
go to the dentist 去看牙醫(yī)
17.magazine ['m?ɡ?zi?n] n.雜志;
期刊
cn. pl. magazines
在書/雜志上,指書上的內(nèi)容時,
用in。
in the magazine在雜志上
in the notebook 在筆記本上
in the textbook 在教材中
in the book 在書中
18.however [ha?'ev?(r)] adv.然而;
不過
【辨析】however和 but “可是,
但是”
意思相同,用法不同。
however比but用的場合更正式, 因
此however 用于書面語,而but 常用
于口語。
①however 是副詞,不是連詞,不能
直接連接兩 個分句,必須另起新句,
并用逗號隔開。位置靈活:句首、句
中、句尾。
He is poor now.However,when he
was young he is rich in this town.
他是一個窮人。 然而,他在年輕的時
候在這個小鎮(zhèn)很富有。
Money, however, is not everything.
然而,金錢并不是一切。
There is a big problem, however.
然而,有一個大問題。
②but是并列連詞,連接兩個互相對
比的并列分句,一般后面不用逗號
He likes coffee, but I really don't
like it.
他喜歡咖啡,但是我實在是不喜歡。
③另外, however還有“無論怎樣,不
管如何”之意。but有“除了”之意。
However hard I worked, she was
never unhappy.
無論我多么努力地工作,她從來沒
滿意過。
There is nothing but a card in the
box.
盒子里除了一張卡片什么也沒有。
19.than [e?n] conj.(用以引出比較的
第二部分) 比
◆用于比較級句型。
You are taller than him. 你比他高。
◆用于短語。
more than多于
less than 少于
more than/less than+ 基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名
詞
more than/less than six days
20.almost ['??lm??st] adv.幾乎;差
不多
①almost是常用的程度副詞,可修飾動
詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)
詞或介詞等。
②almost常置于被修飾詞之前。修飾
動詞時一般 置于主要動詞之前,但要
放在系動詞、助動詞和 情態(tài)動詞之
后。almost不能置于句末。
He waited for you for almost two
hours. 他等了你差不多兩個小時。
I almost believe him.
我差點兒相信了他發(fā)。
He is almost eighty.
他將近80歲了。
③almost可與no, none, nobody,
nothing, never等否定詞連用.
◆almost no one
Almost no one believed him.
幾乎沒人相信他的話。
④almost 常與every,any連用。
almost every day
almost everyone
almost every one
almost everything
almost anyone
Almost every family has a computer.
幾乎每個家庭都有一臺電腦。
21.none [n?n] pron.沒有一個;毫無
【辨析】none和 no one
①none既指人也指物,反義詞是all;
而no one 只可指人。
②none 指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)
作主語時,謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)也可
用復(fù)數(shù),多用單數(shù)。none指代不可數(shù)
名詞時,謂語動詞只可用 單數(shù)。
而no one作主語時,謂語動詞只能用單
數(shù)形式。
③none與of連用
后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞賓
格復(fù)數(shù). 而no one不能與of連用。
none of+us/you/them
none of+限制詞+un.
none of+限制詞+cn.
None of us is/are late.
None of the students has/have a
computer.
None of the money is mine.
④none用來回答how many +n., how
much +n. 以及含any+n. 的疑問句;
而no one可回答who及含anyone,
anybody的疑問句。
A: How many books are there on the
desk?
B: None.
桌子上有幾本書?一本也沒有。
A:Who is in that room?
B:No one. 誰在房間里?沒有人。
【拓展】nobody
① nobody不定代詞,“沒有人”
nobody=no one
◆no one 更正式,nobody 口語中
◆兩者均只能指人,不指物。
◆其后不接of短語。
◆作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
◆用來回答who,及含anyone,anybody
的疑問句。
No one/Nobody likes him。
沒人喜歡他。
I knew nobody at the party.
在聚會上,我一個人都不認(rèn)識。
No one/Nobody knows.
誰也不知道。
—Who is in the classroom?
—No one/Nobody.
—Is there anyone in the room?
—No one/Nobody.
◆ nobody=not…anybody
I know nobody here.
=I don't know anybody here.
我在這兒誰也不認(rèn)識。
② nobody cn.小人物 pl. nobodies
They aren't afraid of a nobody like
you.
他們不害怕想你這樣的小人物。
Only a few nobodies went to the
meeting.
只有幾個無名小卒參加了會議。
22.less [les] adj.較少;較小
little的比較級、最高級:less least
◆less +un.
He has less free time than me.
◆less than少于
less than+ 基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞
less than two hours
23.point [p??nt] n.得分;點 v. 指;
指向
①point n.得分 cn. pl. points
◆ get 90 points 得90分
②point [p??nt] n.點
◆指小數(shù)點,用單數(shù)形式。
4.23 讀作 four point two three
23.4 讀作 twenty-three point four
◆指要點
language points 語言點
important points 重點
difficult points 難點
③ point v. 指;指向
◆point at 指著
指向離說話人較近的事物,at是介詞,
著重于指的對象.
Don't point at others with your
finger while talking .
說話時不要用手指著別人。
◆point to 指向
多指向離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物,to是介詞,
著重于指的方向.
He pointed to the trees on the hill
and said,“They were planted two
years ago.”
他指著山上的樹說:“兩年前種的?!?/p>
注意:一般情況下point at和point
to可互換。
The teacher is pointing at/to the
map on the wall.
老師正指著墻上的地圖。
但事物名詞作主語時,用point to要常
見些.
Both the hour hand and the
minute hand point to
was noon.
時針和分針都指向十二點,那是
中午。
◆point out 指出
The teacher pointed out many
mistakes in my homework.
老師指出我作業(yè)里的許多錯誤。
Claire 克萊爾
Sue 蘇
American Teenager 《美國青少年》
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