對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì):對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)過(guò)定點(diǎn)(1,0),即x=1時(shí),y=0。當(dāng)0<a<1時(shí),在(0,+∞)上是減函數(shù);當(dāng)a>1時(shí),在(0,+∞)上是增函數(shù)。
對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì)
一般地,如果a(a>0,且a≠1)的b次冪等于N,那么數(shù)b叫做以a為底N的對(duì)數(shù),記作logaN=b,其中a叫做對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù),N叫做真數(shù)。
底數(shù)則要>0且≠1 真數(shù)>0
并且,在比較兩個(gè)函數(shù)值時(shí):
如果底數(shù)一樣,真數(shù)越大,函數(shù)值越大。(a>1時(shí))
如果底數(shù)一樣,真數(shù)越小,函數(shù)值越大。(0
對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的運(yùn)算公式
當(dāng)a>0且a≠1時(shí),M>0,N>0,那么:
(1)log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);
(2)log(a)(M/N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);
(3)log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)(n∈R)
(4)log(a^n)(M)=(1/n)log(a)(M)(n∈R)
(5)換底公式:log(A)M=log(b)M/log(b)A (b>0且b≠1)
(6)a^(log(b)n)=n^(log(b)a)
設(shè)a=n^x則a^(log(b)n)=(n^x)^log(b)n=n^(x·log(b)n)=n^log(b)(n^x)=n^(log(b)a)
(7)對(duì)數(shù)恒等式:a^log(a)N=N;
log(a)a^b=b,證明:設(shè)a^log(a)N=X,log(a)N=log(a)X,N=X
(8)由冪的對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)可得(推導(dǎo)公式)
1.log(a)M^(1/n)=(1/n)log(a)M,log(a)M^(-1/n)=(-1/n)log(a)M
2.log(a)M^(m/n)=(m/n)log(a)M,log(a)M^(-m/n)=(-m/n)log(a)M
3.log(a^n)M^n=log(a)M, log(a^n)M^m=(m/n)log(a)M
4.log(以n次根號(hào)下的a為底)(以n次根號(hào)下的M為真數(shù))=log(a)M
log(以n次根號(hào)下的a為底)(以m次根號(hào)下的M為真數(shù))=(n/m)log(a)M
5.log(a)b×log(b)c×log(c)a=1
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