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在今年的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮上，諾貝爾皇家大學(xué)的Horace Engdahl教授以有力的、高度贊揚(yáng)的演講回?fù)袅伺u(píng)的聲音。果然是諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮！這篇演講稿文體出色，用詩(shī)般的語(yǔ)言閱讀時(shí)很有情趣，值得細(xì)膩。

Horace Engdahl教授頒獎(jiǎng)典禮全文

what brings about the great shifts in the world of literature？often it is when someone seizes upon a simple，over looked form，discounted as art in the higher sense，and makes it mutate。

什么會(huì)帶來(lái)文學(xué)世界的巨大變化？一般來(lái)說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)單而被無(wú)視，從更高的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，被技藝所貶低的一種形式被某人掌握，是蛻變的時(shí)候了。是你。

Discounted:打折了

變化，變化，突變

Thus、at one point、emerged the modern novel from anecdote and letter、Thus arose drama in a new age from high jinx on planks placed on barrars

結(jié)果，現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)在奇聞?shì)W事和日常通信中脫穎而出，話劇從站在集市木桶上的雜耍開(kāi)始，拉丁詩(shī)文正在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉窖愿柚{。同樣，拉方丹將動(dòng)物寓言、安徒生童話從育兒室升華到了高熱派詩(shī)歌的高度。每次出現(xiàn)變化，我們對(duì)文學(xué)的看法都會(huì)相應(yīng)地變化。

Anecdote:軼事

弗蘭克：木板、支架

Vernacular:用當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言、方言和當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言寫(xiě)的。

法布爾：寓言

In itself，it ought not to be a sensation that a singer/songwriter now stands recipient of the literary nobel prize . in a distant past，AllLyrics' comes from 'lyre '。

本來(lái)一個(gè)歌手或作曲家成為諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者，決不能成為轟動(dòng)事件。遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期，所有的詩(shī)都是唱的，或者帶著音調(diào)起伏朗誦的。(威廉莎士比亞，哈姆雷特，歌曲名言)史詩(shī)朗誦者，遺音詩(shī)人，行音詩(shī)人，他們是詩(shī)人?！案柙~”一詞源于“里爾津”。

Rhapsodes:流利的詩(shī)人，吟誦史詩(shī)的人。

巴德斯：吟游詩(shī)人

Troubadours:行音詩(shī)人

里爾：里爾鋼琴；抒情詩(shī)

but what bob Dylan did was not to return to The Greeks or The proven als . instead，He dedicated himself body and soul to 20th century American populan

但是鮑勃迪倫所做的并不是回到古希臘或二手普羅旺斯。相反，他致力于20世紀(jì)美國(guó)流行音樂(lè)。這些是不分種族為普通人制作的音樂(lè)，在廣播電臺(tái)和留聲機(jī)唱片中播出?？棺h歌曲、鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)、藍(lán)調(diào)、早期搖滾樂(lè)、福音音樂(lè)、主流音樂(lè)

樂(lè)……他日夜聆聽(tīng)，用樂(lè)器彈奏，試著學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)作。當(dāng)他開(kāi)始寫(xiě)出類(lèi)似的歌曲時(shí)，它們呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的卻是另一片天地。

gramophone：留聲機(jī)

In his hands, the material changed. From what he discovered in heirloom and scrap, in banal rhyme and quick wit, in curses and pious prayers, sweet nothings and crude jokes, he panned poetry gold, whether on purpose or by accident is irrelevant; all creativity begins in imitation.

在他的手中，這些素材發(fā)生了變化。從別人的傳家寶與廢棄之物中、從陳腐的韻律與機(jī)靈妙語(yǔ)中、從邪惡的詛咒和虔誠(chéng)的禱告中、從甜言蜜語(yǔ)和粗鄙玩笑中，他淘出了詩(shī)歌的黃金。是有心還是無(wú)意，都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。所有的創(chuàng)作都始于模仿。

heirloom：傳家寶

scrap：碎片；殘余物

banal：陳腐的；平庸的；老一套的

pan：淘金

Even after fifty years of uninterrupted exposure, we are yet to absorb music's equivalent of the fable's Flying Dutchman. He makes good rhymes, said a critic, explaining greatness. And it is true. His rhyming is an alchemical substance that dissolves contexts to create new ones, scarcely containable by the human brain.

即使在50年的不斷聆聽(tīng)之后，我們還未能完全領(lǐng)悟迪倫那些在音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域能與《漂泊的荷蘭人》相媲美的歌曲?！八男衫世噬峡?，”一位評(píng)論家如是解釋他的偉大。沒(méi)錯(cuò)。他的韻律就像是一劑煉金秘方，溶解現(xiàn)有的語(yǔ)境創(chuàng)造出人類(lèi)大腦所難以容納的新內(nèi)容。

alchemical：煉金術(shù)的

rhyming：押韻

It was a shock. With the public expecting poppy folk songs, there stood a young man with a guitar, fusing the languages of the street and the bible into a compound that would have made the end of the world seem a superfluous replay.

多么震撼。當(dāng)大眾在期待著流行民謠的時(shí)候，一個(gè)年輕人手持吉他站在那兒，把街頭俗語(yǔ)與圣經(jīng)語(yǔ)言熔在一起，讓世界末日看起來(lái)都像是多余的再現(xiàn)。

compound：化合物；混合物；復(fù)合詞

superfluous：多余的；不必要的；奢侈的

At the same time, he sang of love with a power of conviction everyone wants to own. All of a sudden, much of the bookish poetry in our world felt anaemic, and the routine song lyrics his colleagues continued to write were like old-fashioned gunpowder following the invention of dynamite. Soon, people stopped comparing him to Woody Guthrie and Hank Williams and turned instead to Blake, Rimbaud, Whitman, Shakespeare.

與此同時(shí)，他以一種人人想擁有的、令人信服的力量來(lái)歌頌愛(ài)。突然間，世間那些書(shū)面的詩(shī)詞變得如此蒼白無(wú)力，而他的同行們那些按部就班創(chuàng)作的詞曲也仿佛成了隨著炸藥誕生而過(guò)時(shí)了的火器。很快，人們不再把他與伍迪·格思里和漢克·威廉姆斯這些音樂(lè)人相比，而是將他與威廉·布萊克（英國(guó)浪漫主義詩(shī)人）、阿蒂爾·蘭波（法國(guó)象征主義詩(shī)人）、沃爾特·惠特曼（美國(guó)世人）和莎士比亞相提并論。

conviction：確信，深信

bookish：書(shū)本上的，書(shū)呆子氣的

anaemic：無(wú)活力的，貧血的

In the most unlikely setting of all - the commercial gramophone record - he gave back to the language of poetry its elevated style, lost since the Romantics. Not to sing of eternities, but to speak of what was happening around us. As if the oracle of Delphi were reading the evening news.

在商業(yè)化的黑膠唱片這一最不可能的條件中，他重新賦予詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言以高昂的姿態(tài)，這是自浪漫主義時(shí)代之后便已失掉的風(fēng)格。不為歌頌永恒，只在敘述我們的日常，好似德?tīng)栰车纳裰I正向我們播報(bào)著晚間新聞。

oracle：神諭

Recognising that revolution by awarding Bob Dylan the Nobel Prize was a decision that seemed daring only beforehand and already seems obvious. But does he get the prize for upsetting the system of literature? Not really. There is a simpler explanation, one that we share with all those who stand with beating hearts in front of the stage at one of the venues on his never-ending tour, waiting for that magical voice.

通過(guò)授予鮑勃·迪倫諾獎(jiǎng)來(lái)認(rèn)可這一革命，初時(shí)似乎會(huì)覺(jué)得過(guò)于大膽，但現(xiàn)在已然覺(jué)得理所應(yīng)當(dāng)。但他獲得文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是因?yàn)轭嵏擦宋膶W(xué)系統(tǒng)嗎？并不是。還有個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的解釋?zhuān)@個(gè)解釋所有看過(guò)迪倫演出的觀眾都懂，他們都懷著一顆跳動(dòng)的心站在迪倫那永不停歇的巡演舞臺(tái)前，等待著那魔力般的聲音響起。

Chamfort made the observation that when a master such as La Fontaine appears, the hierarchy of genres - the estimation of what is great and small, high and low in literature - is ified. “What matter the rank of a work when its beauty is of the highest rank?" he wrote. That is the straight answer to the question of how Bob Dylan belongs in literature: as the beauty of his songs is of the highest rank.

法國(guó)劇作家尚福爾評(píng)論說(shuō)，當(dāng)諸如拉·方丹這類(lèi)文學(xué)巨擘誕生時(shí)，文學(xué)類(lèi)型的等級(jí)——對(duì)文學(xué)高低貴賤的價(jià)值估量——便再無(wú)約束力。他曾寫(xiě)到：“當(dāng)一部作品自身的美達(dá)到了巔峰時(shí)，等級(jí)還有什么意義呢？”這也是對(duì)鮑勃·迪倫如何屬于文學(xué)范疇這一問(wèn)題最直白的解答：他的音樂(lè)之美已達(dá)到最崇高的地位。

By means of his oeuvre, Bob Dylan has changed our idea of what poetry can be and how it can work. He is a singer worthy of a place beside the Greeks' ?οιδ?ι, beside Ovid, beside the Romantic visionaries, beside the kings and queens of the Blues, beside the forgotten masters of brilliant standards. If people in the literary world groan, one must remind them that the gods don't write, they dance and they sing. The good wishes of the Swedish Academy follow Mr. Dylan on his way to coming bandstands.

迪倫的畢生作品已經(jīng)改變了我們對(duì)詩(shī)的認(rèn)知——詩(shī)是什么，該如何創(chuàng)作。鮑勃·迪倫作為一名歌手，值得與希臘聲樂(lè)家、古羅馬的奧維德、浪漫主義空想家、藍(lán)調(diào)歌王歌后、和以及諸多以高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量而被遺忘的大師共享盛名。如果文學(xué)界的人對(duì)此不滿(mǎn)，那他應(yīng)該記得：神并不寫(xiě)作，他們只歌唱舞蹈。瑞典學(xué)院的美好祝愿將一路跟隨迪倫先生的音樂(lè)之路前行。

oeuvre：畢生之作

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