今天分享一些與“心”相關(guān)的表達和背后的文化內(nèi)涵。

心，heart，總是和一些強烈炙熱的情緒聯(lián)系在一起，也許你看完也能記得格外清晰吧。

By heart

牢記，熟記

If you know something by heart, you’ve learned it so well you know it from memory, maybe even word for word.

如果你know something by heart，說明你記憶深處對其非常熟悉，甚至一字一句都記得。

For example, in “Anne of Green Gables” the title character loves Tennyson’s poem “The Lady of Shalott” so much that she knows it by heart.

例如，在《綠屋的安妮》一書中，女主人公很喜歡詩人丁尼生的《夏洛特夫人》，所以把這首詩牢記在心里。

This term, which surfaced in English in the late 1300s, likely comes from the Old French phrase par coeur which literally translates to “by heart.”

這個表達十四世紀末出現(xiàn)在英語中，可能來自古法語詞匯 par coeur，字面上翻譯的意思就是 “用心”。

To your heart’s content

盡情地，心滿意足地

If you do somethingto your heart’s content or desire, you do that thing until you are satisfied.

如果你盡情地做某事，就是把那件事做到你滿意為止。

Shakespeare was fond of this construction which dates from the early modern period of literature.

它出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代文學早期，莎士比亞很喜歡這個表達。

When the phrase first entered English, “to your heart’s content” was sometimes used without “heart.” Things could be done “to your content” back in the 1600s, though that trend died out within 50 years.

這個詞匯剛開始在英語中使用時，有時可以省去 “heart”一詞，十七世紀，人們可以用 “to your content” 表達同樣的意思，不過這種用法在五十年內(nèi)就消失了。

Eat your heart out

嫉妒去吧；悲傷至極

You might yell the slightly morbid phrase “Eat your heart out!” to someoneto induce jealousy.

你可能會對某人喊出這個有點變態(tài)的表達“Eat your heart out!（羨慕死你）”，來激起他的嫉妒心。

For example, a pop star preparing for a performance might look in the mirror, and liking what he sees, jauntily tip his head and shout “Eat your hearts out, fans!”

例如，一個正在準備演出的明星，看著鏡子，非常滿意，得意地揚起頭，喊出一句“跪舔吧，粉絲們！”

This phase can also refer towhen sorrow or longing dominates your emotions.

這個表達也可以指你的情感被悲傷和渴望占據(jù)。

For example, losing a race that you really, really wanted to win might cause you toeat your heart out, orwallow in grief.

例如，輸了一場你非常非常想贏的比賽，所以你特別傷心，沉湎于悲傷。

Have your heart in your mouth

心懸在嗓子眼上，極度緊張

Anothermacabre expression, have your heart in your mouth, refers to a heightened state of anxiety or fear.

這又是一個駭人的詞組，是的指一種極度焦慮和害怕的狀態(tài)。

There are many things that mightbring your heart all the way up to your mouth, figuratively speaking, including spiders, clowns, and deeply shadowed alleyways.

有很多事情可能把你的心提到嗓子眼上，當然這是比喻說法，比如，蜘蛛，小丑和幽深黑暗的小巷子。

In The Hitchhiker’s “Guide to the Galaxy”, Zaphod Beeblebrox owns a pair of sunglasses that darken to completely obscure the wearer’s vision whenheart-in-mouth inducing sightsappear.

在希區(qū)柯克的《銀河系漫游指南》里贊福德有一副太陽鏡，當出現(xiàn)讓人懸心的景象出現(xiàn)的時候，它能夠完全遮擋佩戴者視線。

Cross your heart

發(fā)誓

If you verbally cross your heart, you do it to maintain the truth of what you just said.

如果你口頭上表示在胸前畫十字，是為了證明你說的是話是事實。

You can take this one step further by adding “and hope to die” on to the end of your first utterance, as in “I didn’t eat the last cookie -cross my heart and hope to die.”

你也可以在后面加一句“不然不得好死”，例如“我沒有吃那最后一塊餅干，我發(fā)誓，我要是吃了不得好死?！?/p>

This expression, which has been used throughout the 20th century, derives from the religious practice of tracing a cross over the heart with a finger to signify a vow.

這個表達在二十世紀一直都很流行，它來源于宗教行為，用手指在心上劃十字來象征發(fā)誓。

Wear your heart on your sleeve

感情外露，說出自己的感受

In Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago states: “I will wear my heart upon my sleeve / for daws to peck at.”

在莎士比亞的《奧賽羅》中，伊阿古說道：“我會敞開心扉，讓鳥兒隨意翻啄。”

But what exactly does this expression mean? The sense that Shakespeare evokes means to make your intimate feelings known to all, leaving yourself vulnerable to being emotionally hurt.

但是這個表達到底是什么意思呢？莎士比亞在這里想表達的意思是讓所有人都知道你最私密的感情，而你會變得十分脆弱，很容易受情傷。

The phrase can also refer to the tendency to fall in love easily.

這個表達也可以指人非常容易陷入愛河。

Break someone’s heart

傷某人的心

If you break someone’s heart, you cause them Great disappointment or sorrow.

如果你break someone’s heart，你會導致他們陷入極大的失望或傷心。

This often occurs in the realm of love, though heartbreak is not exclusive to romantic endeavors.

雖然經(jīng)常用在愛情里，但是心碎也不是愛情獨有的。

This expression has been describing sorrow and disappointment since at least the 1530s, though the term heartbreak is 200 years old.

雖然這個表達從十六世紀三十年代開始就用來表示悲傷失望，但是heartbreak這個詞已經(jīng)有200年歷史。

To have the heart

有意志、狠下心做某事

Do you have the necessary will to do something? Yes? Great! Then you have the heart to do it.

你有做一件事情必要的意志和決心嗎？有？太好了！那你就可以說你have the heart to do it。

People have been having heart for a long time now, since the 1300s.

從十四世紀開始，人們就開始用這個表達了。

On the other end, if you lack the required courage or callousness to do something, you don’t have the heart to do it.

另一方面，如果你缺乏必要的勇氣和鐵石心腸來做一件事，那也就是說，you don’t have the heart to do it（你狠不下心/不忍心這么做）。

Though this expression is more commonly used in the negative context, people still manage to somehow get things done. Perhaps they do this by taking heart, an expression meaning “to become encouraged”。

雖然這個表達更多用在否定意義的句子里，不過該做的事情還是做了?？赡苋藗兪悄贸隽擞職鈦碜鍪虑椋簿褪?“taking heart”，即鼓起勇氣的意思。