1. clothes, cloth, clothing

clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞

clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用

a piece of, an article of

2. incident, accident

incident指小事件,

accident指不幸的事故

He was killed in the accident.

3. amount, number

amount后接不可數(shù)名詞，

number后接可數(shù)名詞

a number of students

4. family, house, home

home 家，包括住處和家人，

house房子，住宅，

family家庭成員.

My family is a happy one.

5. sound, voice, noise

sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，

voice人的嗓音，noise噪音

I hate the loud noise outside.

6. photo, picture, drawing

photo用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，

picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，

drawing畫的畫

Let's go and see a good picture.

7. vocabulary, word

vocabulary詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量，

word具體的單詞

He has a large vocabulary.

8. population, people

population人口，人數(shù)，

people具體的人

China has a large population.

9. weather, climate

weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，

climate長期的氣候狀況

The climate here is not good for you.

10. road, street, path, way

road具體的公路，馬路，

street街道，path小路，小徑，

way道路，途徑

take this road;

in the street, show me the way to the museum.

11. course, subject

course課程(可包括多門科目)，

subject科目(具體的學(xué)科)

a summer course

12. custom, habit

①custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接to do

②habit生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接of doing.

I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

13. cause, reason

①cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，

②reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth.

the reason for being late

14. exercise, exercises, practice

exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉(不可數(shù))，

exercises練習(xí)(可數(shù))，

practice(反復(fù)做的)練習(xí)

Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧.

15. class, lesson

作"課"解時(shí),兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson.

指班級或全體學(xué)生用class.

lesson 6（第6課）;

class 5（五班）

16. speech, talk, lecture

speech指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講，講課

a series of lecture on…

17. officer, official

officer部隊(duì)的軍官，official政府官員

an army officer

18. work, job

二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù)

a good job

19. couple, pair

couple主要指人或動(dòng)物，

pair多指由兩部分組成的東西

a pair of trousers

20. country, nation, state, land

country側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，

nation指人民，國民，民族，

state側(cè)重指政府，政體，

land國土，國家

The whole nation was sad at the news.

21. cook, cooker

cook廚師，cooker廚具

He is a good cook.

22. damage, damages

damage不可數(shù)名詞, 損害，損失;

damages復(fù)數(shù)形式, 賠償金

$900 damages

23. police, policeman

police警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，

policeman 指某個(gè)具體的警察

The police are questioning everyone in the

house.

24. problem, question

①problem常和困難聯(lián)系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為think about, solve, raise。

②question常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer連用

25. man, a man

man人類，a man一個(gè)男人

Man will conquer nature.

26. chick, chicken

二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉

The chicken is delicious.

27. telegram, telegraph

當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí)，telegram指具體的，

telegraph指抽象的

a telegram, by telegraph

28. trip, journey, travel, voyage

travel是最常用的，

trip指短期的旅途，

journey指稍長的旅途，

voyage指海上航行

a three-day trip

29. sport, game

①sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng)，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等;

②game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則

His favorite sport is swimming.

30. price, prize

price價(jià)格，

prize獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金

win the first prize

The price is high/low.

31. a number of, the number of

a number of許多，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

the number of…的數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

The number of students is increasing.

32. in front of, in the front of

in front of范圍外的前面，

in the front of范圍內(nèi)的前面

In the front of the room sits a boy.

33. of the day, of a day

of the day每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的，

of a day暫時(shí)的，不長久的

a famous scientist of the day

34. three of us, the three of us

three of us我們(不止三個(gè))中的三個(gè)，

the three of us我們?nèi)齻€(gè)(就三個(gè)人)

The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the

cinema.

35. by bus, on the bus

by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，

on the bus表范圍

They went there by bus.

36. for a moment, for the moment

for a moment 片刻，一會兒，

for the moment暫時(shí)，一時(shí)

Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

37. next year, the next year

next year將來時(shí)間狀語，

the next year過去將來時(shí)間狀語

He said he would go abroad the next year.

38. more than a year, more than one year

more than a year一年多，

more than one year超過一年(兩年或三年等)

39. take advice, take the(one's) advice

take advice征求意見，

take the advice接受忠告

He refused to take the advice and failed again.

40. take air, take the air

take air傳播，走漏，

take the air到戶外去，散步

We take the air every day.

41. in a word, in words

in a word 總之，一句話，

in words 口頭上

In a word, you are right.

42. in place of, in the place of

in place of代替，in the place of在…地方

A new building is built in the place of the old

one.

43. in secret, in the secret

in secret秘密地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語;

in the secret知道內(nèi)情，知道秘密，一般用作表語

My mother was in the secret from the

beginning.

44. a girl, one girl

a girl可泛指所有女孩,

one girl一個(gè)女孩

Can one girl carry such a big box?

45. take a chair, take the chair

take a chair相當(dāng)于sit down坐下，

take the chair開始開會

46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea

go to sea當(dāng)海員，出航，

by sea乘船，由海路，

by the sea在海邊

go by sea

47. the doctor and teacher,

the doctor and the teacher

the doctor and teacher

指一個(gè)人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，

the doctor and the teacher are in the hospital.

那個(gè)醫(yī)生和那個(gè)老師都在醫(yī)院里。（指兩個(gè)人）

the doctor and teacher is my mother.

48. in office, in the office

in office在職的，in the office在辦公室里

He is in office, not out of office.

49. in bed, on the bed

in bed臥在床上，on the bed在床上

The book is on the bed.

He is ill in bed.

50. in charge of, in the charge of

in charge of管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料，

in the charge of由……照料

He is in charge of the matter.

The matter is in the charge of her.

51. in class, in the class

in class在課上，in the class在班級里

He is the best student in the class.

52. on fire, on the fire

on fire著火,on the fire在火上

Put the food on the fire.

The house is on fire.

53. out of question, out of the question

out of question毫無疑問的，

out of the question不可能的

54. a second, the second

a second又一，再一，the second第二……

He won the second prize.

55. by day, by the day

by day白天，by the day按天計(jì)算

The workers are paid by the day.

56. the people, a people

the people指人，a people指民族

The Chinese is a peace-loving people.

57. it, one

it同一物體，one同類不同一

I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

58. that, this

that指代上文所提到的，

this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的

I was ill. That's why…

59. none, nothing, no one

none強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，

nothing, no one強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有，

nothing指物，no one指人

--- How many…/How much…? --- None.

60. anyone, any one

anyone指人，不能接of，

any one指人物均可，可接of

any one of you

61. who, what

who指姓名或關(guān)系，

what指職業(yè)或地位

What is your dad?

He is a teacher.

62. what, which

what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，

which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇

Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

63. other, another

other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，

another后接名詞單數(shù)

other students, another student

64. not a little, not a bit

not a little非常，

not a bit一點(diǎn)也不

I'm not a bit tired.

我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。

65. many, much, a lot of

many和可數(shù)名詞連用，

much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，

a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句。

I haven't many books.

66. much more…than, many more…than

much more…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many more…than后接可數(shù)名詞

many more people,

much more water,

much more beautiful

67. no, not

no=not a/any

no friend=not a/any friend

no water=not any water

68. no more than, not more than

no more than相當(dāng)于only，僅僅，只有，

not more than 至多，不超過

69. majority, most

majority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，

most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可

the majority of people

70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

by oneself單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的，

for oneself為自己，

to oneself供自己用的，

of oneself 自行的，自動(dòng)的

The door opened of itself.

71. at all, after all

at all根本，全然, after all到底，畢竟

After all he is a child.

72. tall, high

tall常指人或動(dòng)物，high常指物體

He is tall.

73. fast, quickly

fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快

run fast, answer the question quickly

74. high, highly

high具體的高，highly抽象的高，高度的

think highly of

75. healthy, healthful

healthy健康的，健壯的，

healthful有益于健康的

healthful exercise

76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.

77. gold, golden

gold指真金制品（a gold ring），

golden指金色的，但金魚用 gold.（a gold fish）

78. most, mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于very，當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞，

mostly大部分,是副詞

most people, the people are mostly…

79. just, very

just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞，作狀語，

very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞，用作定語

the very man, just the man

80. wide, broad

wide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，

broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣

broad shoulders

81. real, true

real真的，真實(shí)的，指事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，

true真的，真正的，指事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合. real gold, a true story

82. respectful, respectable

respectful尊敬，有禮貌，

respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的

be respectful to the aged

83. outwards, outward

二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，

outward還可用作形容詞

an outward voyage

84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing

pleasant常用作定語，

pleased, pleasing常用作表語，

pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物

a pleasant trip.

The trip is pleasing.

85. understanding, understandable

understanding明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable 可理解的，能夠懂的

an understanding girl,

an understandable mistake

86. close, closely

close接近，靠近，

closely緊緊地，緊密地

closely connected, stand close

87. ill, sick

ill做表語，sick定，表均可

My grandma is ill.

a sick boy一個(gè)生病的男孩

88. good, well

good形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.

89. quiet, silent, still

quiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，

silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動(dòng)，

still完全不動(dòng)，完全無聲響

He stand there still.

他站在那兒，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，也不說話。

90. hard, hardly

hard努力，hardly幾乎不

work hard and make progress every day.

好好學(xué)習(xí)天天向上

I can hardly believe it.

我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈胚@件事情。

91. able, capable

able與不定式to do連用，capable與of連用

He is capable of doing…

92. almost, nearly

二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用要用almost almost nobody幾乎沒有人

93. late, lately

late遲，晚，lately最近，近來

Don't be late for school.

I haven't seen him lately.

94. living, alive, live, lively

living, alive, live均為活著的，

living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，

live只能做定語，lively意為活潑的

all the living people=all the people alive

95. excited, exciting

excited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的

I'm excited. The news is exciting.

96. deep, deeply

deep具體的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep

97. aloud, loud

aloud出聲地，loud大聲地

read aloud(出聲地讀)

98. worth, worthy

二者均為值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done.

It is worth visiting.

= It's worthy to be visited.

= It's worthy of being visited.

99. bad, badly糟糕的（地），壞的（地）

bad形容詞，badly副詞

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

100. before long, long before

before long不久以后，long before很久以前

not long before = before long

101. quite, rather

quite完全地，相當(dāng)于completely,

rather修飾比較級.

quite impossible

102. happy, glad

happy高興，幸福，既可作定語也可作表語，glad高興，只能做表語。

I'm glad to see you.

a happy girl.

103. instead, instead of 代替；反而

instead是副詞，放在句首或句末，

instead of是介詞短語，放在句中

He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV.

He watched TV instead of seeing a film.

I have come instead of my elder brother.

我代替我哥哥來了

I stayed at home all day instead of going to work.我在家待了一整天而沒有去上班

104. too much, much too

①too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞

There is too much milk in the bottle.

瓶子里有太多的牛奶。

②much too后接形容詞

The bag is much too heavy這包太重了

105. be about to, be going to, be to do

be about to表最近的將來，后面不接時(shí)間狀語，be going to 側(cè)重打算，想法，

be to do側(cè)重意志，計(jì)劃，安排.

I'm to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思)

106. raise, rise

raise及物動(dòng)詞，rise不及物動(dòng)詞

Raise your hand,please.

The sun rises in the east.

107. bring, take, carry, fetch

bring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，

fetch去回這一往返動(dòng)作

fetch a box of chalk.

108. spend, take, pay, cost

①spend人做主語，花錢，花時(shí)間;

spend…on sth./in doing sth;

I spend two hours doing my homework every day

②take物做主語，花時(shí)間;

It took me two days to prepare my bike.

③pay人做主語，花錢，pay for;

I paid 5000 yuan for the computer.

④cost物做主語，花錢

The book cost me 20 yuan.