注：該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中文版由FCI國際純種犬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文版翻譯，刊登在CKU新主頁-犬種百科上。

09.01.1999/EN

FCI-國際純種狗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第212號

SAMOYED(SAMOIEDSKAY A SABAKA)

私募預(yù)見

這張照片不一定代表這種狗的理想例子

Origin :北俄羅斯和西藏。

起源：俄羅斯北部和西伯利亞

date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the fci 3360 6/26/1959

FCI正式批準(zhǔn)日期：1959年6月26日

date of publication of the official valid standard 3360 22 . 07 . 1997。

正式生效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)行日期：1997年7月22日

utilization : sledge-and companion dog。

用途：雪橇犬和伴侶犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

第5組Spitz and primitive types。

第1節(jié)nordic sledge dogs。

Without working trial。

FCI分組：

第5組尖嘴犬和原始狗組

第1類：極地雪橇犬

不需要業(yè)務(wù)測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

the name samoyed derives from the samoyed tribes In northern Russia and Siberia . In southern parts of the area They used white，black and browws Inreturning to England he brought with him a brown male puppy called sabar ka。la ter he imported a cream coloured

bitch called whitey pet chora from the western side of the Urals and a snow white male called musti from Siberia . these few dogs and those broug Ht by the ee

歷史沿革：

薩摩耶這個(gè)名字源于俄羅斯西伯利亞北部地區(qū)的薩摩耶部落。在這個(gè)地區(qū)的南部，薩摩耶部落使用白色、黑色、棕色和雜色的狗作為馴鹿犬。在北部地區(qū)，薩摩耶人用純白性情溫順的狗打獵和拉雪橇。私募預(yù)見與主人有著親密的關(guān)系，甚至與主人一起睡覺，互相取暖。英國動(dòng)物學(xué)家歐內(nèi)斯特克里本斯科特1889年在薩摩耶部落度過了三個(gè)月?；氐接?，他帶來了一只名叫“沙巴卡”的棕色公小狗。后來，他從烏拉爾山西吸引了一只名叫“白弗喬拉”的乳白色母犬，來自西貝里。

亞引進(jìn)一條叫做“穆斯逖”的雪白公犬。這幾只狗以及那些由探險(xiǎn)家?guī)Щ氐墓肪褪俏鞣剿_摩耶犬的根基。薩摩耶犬的第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)于1909年在英國編寫。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Medium in size, elegant, a white Arctic Spitz. In appearence gives the impression of power, endurance, charm, suppleness, dignity and self-confidence.

The expression, the so called ? Samoyed Smile ?, is made up of a combination of eye shape and position, and the slightly curved up corners of the mouth. The sex should be clearly stamped.

整體外貌：

一種體型中等，優(yōu)雅的白色北極尖嘴犬。外觀上看，給人以充滿力量，忍耐力強(qiáng)，富有魅力，順從，高貴及自信的印象。所謂的“薩摩耶式微笑”的表情，是由眼睛的形狀和位置以及略微上翹的嘴角結(jié)合而成的。性別標(biāo)志非常明顯。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

The length of the body is approximately 5% more than the height at the withers. The depth of the body is slightly less than the half of the height at the withers. The muzzle is approximately as long as the skull.

重要比例：身長約超過肩高5%。胸深略小于肩高的一半?？谖羌s與頭骨等長。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

Friendly, open, alert and lively. The hunting instinct is very slight. Never shy nor aggressive. Very social and cannot be used as guard dog.

行為/秉性：

友好，外向，機(jī)警而活潑。狩獵本能較弱。既不害羞也不好斗。社會性較強(qiáng)，不能用作護(hù)衛(wèi)犬。

HEAD: 頭部

CRANIAL REGION: 顱部區(qū)域

HEAD：Powerful and wedge-shaped.

頭部：強(qiáng)有力，且呈楔形。

Skull: viewed from the front and in profile only slightly convex. Broadest between the ears. Slightly visible furrow between the eyes.

頭骨：從前面和側(cè)面觀察，輪廓只略微呈凸?fàn)?。兩耳間最寬。兩眼間有輕微可見的褶皺。

Stop: Clearly defined but not too prominent.

額段：明顯，但不很突出。

FACIAL REGION: 面部區(qū)域

Nose: Well developed, preferably black. During some periods of the year the pigment of the nose can fade to a so called ? winter nose ? ; there must however always be dark pigment at the edges of the nose.

鼻：發(fā)育良好，最好為黑色。在一年里的某些時(shí)期，鼻子會褪色成所謂的“冬天的鼻子”；但不管怎樣，鼻子邊緣一定為黑色的色素沉淀。

Muzzle: Strong and deep, approximately as long as the skull, gradually tapering towards the nose, neither snipey nor heavy and square. The bridge of the nose is straight.

口吻：強(qiáng)健并且深，約與頭蓋骨等長，朝鼻子方向逐漸變細(xì)，既不狹長也不沉重，呈方形。鼻梁是直的。

Lips: Close fitting, black and rather full. The corners of the mouth are slightly curved forming the characteristic ? Samoyed Smile ?.

嘴唇：緊密貼合，黑色而且相當(dāng)飽滿。嘴角略微彎曲，形成典型的“薩摩耶微笑”。

Jaws/Teeth: Regular and complete scissor bite. The teeth and the jaws are strong. Normal dentition.

頜/齒：整齊的、完全的剪狀咬合。牙齒和上下顎強(qiáng)健。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的齒系。

Eyes: Dark brown in colour, well-set in the sockets, placed rather apart, somewhat slanting and almond-shaped. The expression is ? smiling ?, kind, alert and intelligent. The eyerims are black.

眼睛：深棕色，在眼窩中位置恰當(dāng)，分得很開，稍微傾斜，呈杏仁狀。表情是“微笑”的，友善，機(jī)警而且聰明。眼圈為黑色。

Ears: Erect, rather small, thick, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips. They should be mobile, set high ; due to the broad skull well apart.

耳朵：直立，很小，厚，呈三角形，頂端稍園。能移動(dòng)，位置高; 由于其頭蓋骨寬闊而恰當(dāng)?shù)胤珠_。

NECK:Strong and of medium length with a proud carriage.

頸部：強(qiáng)有力，長度中等，儀態(tài)驕傲。

BODY: 軀干

BODY: Slightly longer than the height at the withers, deep and compact but supple.

軀干：體長略大于肩高，深而緊湊但柔軟。

Withers : Clearly defined.

肩?。呵逦?/p>

Back : Of medium length, muscular and straight ; in females slightly longer than in males.

背：中等長，肌肉發(fā)達(dá)且筆直;母犬的背略長于公犬。

Loin : Short, very strong and defined.

腰：短，很強(qiáng)壯，輪廓清晰。

Croup : Full, strong, muscular and slightly sloping.

臀：飽滿，強(qiáng)壯，肌肉發(fā)達(dá)，略微傾斜。

Chest: Broad, deep and long, reaching almost to the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.

胸：寬闊，深長，幾乎夠到肘部。肋骨擴(kuò)張良好。

Underline : Moderate tuck-up.

腹線：適度向上收攏。

TAIL: Set rather high. When the dog is alert and in motion the tail is carried bent from the root forward over the back or side, but may be hanging at rest, then reaching to the hocks.

尾：位置稍高。警覺時(shí)以及運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，尾巴從根部彎曲舉起至背部或背部側(cè)面，而休息時(shí)尾巴垂下，延伸到跖骨。

LIMBS: 四肢

FOREQUARTERS: 前軀

General appearance : Well placed and muscular with strong bones. Viewed from the front straight and parallel.

整體外形：位置自然，肌肉發(fā)達(dá)，骨骼強(qiáng)壯。從前面看，直而且平行。

Shoulder : Long, firm and sloping.

肩：長，牢固，傾斜。

Upper arm : Oblique and close to the body. Approximately as long as the shoulder.

上臂：傾斜而接近身體。約與肩部一樣長。

Elbow : Close to the body.

肘：接近身體。

Carpus : Strong but supple.

腕骨：強(qiáng)健而柔軟。

Metacarpus (Pastern) : Slightly oblique.

掌骨（前腿系部）：略微稍斜。

Forefeet: Oval with long toes, flexible and pointing straight forward. Toes arched and not too tightly knit. Elastics pads.

前足：橢圓形，腳趾長，柔韌而且筆直向前。腳趾拱起，結(jié)合不太緊密。有彈性的腳墊。

LIMBS: 四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 后軀

General appearance : Viewed from behind straight and parallel with very strong muscles.

整體外觀：從后面看，后腿直且平行，有非常健壯的肌肉。

Upper thigh : Of medium length, rather broad and muscular.

大腿：中等長度，相當(dāng)寬大，肌肉發(fā)達(dá)。

Stifle (Knee): Well angulated.

后膝關(guān)節(jié): 后膝關(guān)節(jié)：角度自然。

Hocks : Rather low and well angulated.

附關(guān)節(jié)：很低，角度自然。

Metatarsus : Short, strong, vertical and parallel.

跖骨：短，強(qiáng)壯，垂直且平行。

Hind feet: As front feet. The dewclaws should be removed.

后足：和前足一樣。應(yīng)去除狼爪。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Powerful, free and tireless in appearance with long stride. Good reach in the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters.

步態(tài)/動(dòng)態(tài)：

有力，即使長時(shí)間大步行走也顯得自由而不疲倦。前腿伸展好，后腿驅(qū)動(dòng)有力。

COAT: 被毛

Hair: Profuse, thick, flexible and dense polar coat. The Samoyed is a double coated dog with short, soft and dense undercoat and longer, more harsh and straight outer coat. The coat should form a ruff around the neck and shoulders framing the head, especially in males. On head and on front of legs, hair is short and smooth ; on outside of ears short, standing off and smooth. Inside the ears should be well furred. On back of the thighs the hair forms trousers. There should be a protective growth of hair between the toes. The tail should be profusely covered with hair. The coat of the female is often shorter and softer in texture than that of the male. The correct coat texture should always have a special glistening sheen.

毛質(zhì)：毛極其豐富，厚，柔韌，稠密的極地式背毛。薩摩耶犬有雙層被毛：底毛短，柔軟，又濃密;外層背毛較長，較粗糙且直。被毛會在頸項(xiàng)及肩部形成環(huán)狀領(lǐng)，以架構(gòu)頭部，對公犬而言更明顯。在頭部和腿的前部，毛短而平滑;在耳朵外部，毛短，直立而平滑。在耳朵內(nèi)部，飾毛佳。在大腿背部，毛形成褲子狀。腳趾之間應(yīng)該長有起保護(hù)性質(zhì)的毛。尾巴應(yīng)被豐富的毛覆蓋。母犬的被毛質(zhì)地往往比公犬的短些，柔軟些。正確的被毛質(zhì)地總是有一種特殊的閃亮的光澤。

Colour: Pure white, cream or white with biscuit. (The basic colour to be white with a few biscuit markings.) Should never give the impression of being pale brown.

毛色: 純白色，乳白色或類似餅干的白色。（基本色是帶有一些類似餅干色條紋的白色）。決不能有淺棕色的印象。

SIZE: 尺寸

Height at withers : Ideal height : male 57 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm and females 53 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm.

理想高度：公犬57厘米（誤差為上下3厘米），母犬53厘米（誤差為上下3厘米）。

FAULTS: 缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

• Visible faults in structure.

• Light bone.

• Males not masculine and females not feminine.

• Pincer bite.

• Yellow eyes.

• Soft ears.

• Barrel ribcage.

• Double twisted tail.

• Low on the legs.

• Badly bow-legged or cow hocked.

• Wavy or short coated throughout, long, soft or coat hanging down.

• Aloofness.

任何與上述各點(diǎn)的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴(yán)重性嚴(yán)格地與其缺陷的程度及其對犬的健康和福利的影響成比例。

• 明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷。

• 骨輕。

• 公犬缺乏雄性特征，母犬缺乏雌性特征。

• 鉗狀咬合。

• 黃眼睛。

• 耳朵軟。

• 桶狀的肋骨條。

• 尾巴纏繞兩圈。

• 腿低矮。

• 嚴(yán)重的弓形腿，或者牛肢。

• 背毛全部呈卷曲狀或背毛過短，過長，柔軟，或毛垂下。

• 性格冷漠

SERIOUS FAULTS: 嚴(yán)重缺陷

? Clearly unpigmented areas on eyerims or lips.

眼圈或唇緣有明顯的無著色區(qū)域。

ELIMINATING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

• Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

• Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

• Eyes blue or of different colours.

• Overshot or undershot bite.

• Ears not erect.

• Coat colour other than permitted in the standard.

• 有攻擊性或過度羞怯。

• 任何身體或行為上明顯失常的犬應(yīng)視為失格。

• 藍(lán)眼睛或雙眼顏色不同。

• 上顎突出或下顎突出。

• 耳朵不直立。

• 不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)允許的被毛顏色。

N.B.：

• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

• 公犬具備兩個(gè)明顯正常且完全置于陰囊的睪丸

• 只有身體機(jī)能以及臨床表現(xiàn)健康的，具備典型犬種結(jié)構(gòu)的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

▲ 犬只各部位名稱（FCI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通用）