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當(dāng)我在你背后大喊“有蜘蛛！”，你是否會虎軀一震？其實在它們可怖的外表下也有吸引人的一面。今天小編為大家介紹“令人恐懼又著迷的另類寵物——蜘蛛“。趕快閱讀本文，也許你也想養(yǎng)一只！

? 多圖預(yù)警！建議連接WIFI閱讀！?

蜘蛛恐懼癥人群請謹(jǐn)慎觀看！

前言：?

隨著生活水平的提高，人們越來越希望能有一只寵物陪伴自己，打發(fā)閑暇時光。不過這個寵物可不一定只是溫順可愛的貓狗，也許是你難以想象的異類——爬寵。無論是蜘蛛、蝎子，還是蜥蜴、蜈蚣，甚至蛇，都能成為爬蟲玩家的最愛。你也許無法理解為什么如此可怕的東西還有人喜歡，但萬物皆是矛盾的，越是恐怖的事物越有其充滿魅力之處。

蜘蛛可愛和充滿魅力的地方在哪里呢？呆萌的眼睛和愚鈍的步伐沒有戳中你的萌點嗎？

注：進(jìn)入保育期的蜘蛛禁止私人飼養(yǎng)，編者亦不將其寫入本文。

一、簡單了解蜘蛛?

蜘蛛是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最豐富的捕食性天敵，體長1～90毫米，身體分頭胸部（前體）和腹部（后體）兩部分，頭胸部覆以背甲和胸板。頭胸部有附肢兩對，第一對為螯肢，有螯牙、螯牙尖端有毒腺開口；直腭亞目的螯肢前后活動，鉗腭亞目者側(cè)向運(yùn)動及相向運(yùn)動；第二對為須肢，在雌蛛和未成熟的雄蛛呈步足狀，用以夾持食物及作感覺器官；但在雄性成蛛須肢末節(jié)膨大，變?yōu)閭魉途拥慕唤悠鳌?/p>

據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載，全世界的蜘蛛已知有3821屬42055種（2010年），中國記載約3800種，分屬于67個科。蜘蛛綱共有14個目，已有5個目絕滅了種群，我國已發(fā)現(xiàn)7個目。

二、捕鳥蛛推薦?

捕鳥蛛屬于較原始之蜘蛛，其全身密生細(xì)毛。南美洲及北美洲的一些捕鳥蛛身上某些地方具一種刺激性的蟄毛，遇到老鼠等天敵便用后腳掃散這種自然的致癢粉。敵人的反應(yīng)就像工人鋪設(shè)織維玻璃毛氈后，全身會發(fā)癢。所以可使用這種護(hù)身方式，卻未必有亞洲等地捕鳥蛛那么會咬。

（1）巴西巨人金直間

最為經(jīng)典和標(biāo)志性的寵物捕鳥蛛種類之一。溫順的性格，加上一個迷人的外表，始終是寵物捕鳥蛛市場中最受歡迎的種類之一。金直間上手較為容易，價格也較便宜。最大足展22cm，屬于較大個體。

成長速度：★★☆

攻擊性：★

互動性：★★★

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★

售價：

￥18-24（2cm幼體）；

￥70-85（5-6cm）

￥140-160（7-8cm）

￥260-290（8-10cm）

￥340-370（10-12cm）

大于￥500（12cm以上）

巴西巨人金直間

（2）智利紅玫瑰/火玫瑰

紅玫瑰蜘蛛原產(chǎn)于智利的荒漠中。它渾身布滿暗紅色的絨毛，對環(huán)境要求不高，適應(yīng)力很強(qiáng)，性情溫順，飼喂簡單，特別適合初養(yǎng)者，而且價格便宜能被接受，連名字都很吸引人，是養(yǎng)蟲市場最受歡迎的寵物蜘蛛。成體頭胸部總長約7-8cm，全長約10-15cm。它渾身布滿暗紅色的絨毛，屬于洞穴蜘蛛的一種。它渾身布滿暗紅色的絨毛，尤其是頭胸部上方，呈現(xiàn)暗紫紅色。毒性很低，紅玫瑰毛蜘蛛在大多情況下非常溫順，可上手。但也不排除會有意外發(fā)生。

兩者之間基本無區(qū)別，但火玫瑰比紅玫瑰更紅更大，其價格也稍微高一些。

成長速度：★☆

攻擊性：★

互動性：★★★★

飼養(yǎng)難度：★☆

售價：

￥42-48（1-1.5cm幼體）

￥120-130（3-4cm）

￥350-370（6-7cm）

￥580-610（8-10cm）

大于￥1000（13cm以上）

注：在購買幼體時某些不良商家會拿金直間幼體充數(shù)，請擦亮雙眼。

智利紅玫瑰

（3）巴西所羅門

該屬最常見的種類之一，當(dāng)前大陸也有不少。很不理解將它翻譯成“所羅門食鳥”，估計是根據(jù)英文名“Salmon”直接音譯了。但是其實英文名為“Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula”，翻譯為“巴西桂魚粉紅捕鳥蛛”。因為它們就是棕黑色的，覆蓋著粉紅色的毛。飼養(yǎng)方法參照巴西火紅食鳥、巴伊亞猩紅食鳥。生長迅速，壽命很長，價格便宜。

成長速度：★★★★

攻擊性：★★☆

互動性：★★☆

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★

售價：

￥10-14（1-1.5cm幼體）

￥40-60（5-6cm）

￥75-85（7-8cm）

￥100-115（8-9m）

￥230-245（12cm左右）

巴西所羅門

（4）巴西黑絲絨

巴西黑絲絨是一種生長緩慢的種類，從幼體達(dá)到成體需要4-6年的時間，所幸的是它們的幼體相當(dāng)?shù)拇螅允窍喈?dāng)好養(yǎng)的。它們的壽命也是相當(dāng)?shù)拈L，雌性巴西黑擁有20-25年的壽命。值得注意的是巴西黑喜歡較為干燥的墊材，飼養(yǎng)時可以使用一半墊材為濕潤的椰土，另一半為干燥的椰土，這樣既能保證擁有足夠的濕度，也不會因為過于潮濕而導(dǎo)致蜘蛛患病。

這種蜘蛛非常漂亮，但價格也較為昂貴。

成長速度：★☆

攻擊性：★★

互動性：★★★

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★☆

售價：

￥280-290（3-3.5cm未分辨公母）

￥590-640（5-6cm）

巴西黑絲絨

（5）非洲橙巴布

大陸常見的種類，它們一共有四個顏色變種----紅色變種，原色種，暗色變種，還有一種Usambara山變種。目前大陸最常見的是紅色變種，紅色變種通常被叫做“烈陽巴布”。“Usambara山變種”和“原色種”通常被叫做“橙巴布/非洲金巴布”，而暗色變種不太常見。橙巴布屬于生長迅速的種類，母橙巴布壽命可達(dá)8-10年以上，公橙巴布成體后亦能活1-2年。

橙巴布攻擊性極強(qiáng)，生長速度也快，且可以“裸養(yǎng)”（不放墊材），價格也非常便宜。

成長速度：★★★★☆

攻擊性：★★★★★

互動性：★★

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★☆

售價：

￥8-11（1-1.5cm幼體）

￥14-18（2cm幼體）

￥25-32（3cm未分辨公母）

￥72-82（6cm左右）

￥190-210（12-13cm）

注：此品種有劇毒，極不推薦新手飼養(yǎng)，且不要將其上手。飼養(yǎng)時用長鑷子喂食，蓋子注意蓋好，注意安全！

非洲橙巴布

（6）油彩粉紅趾

油彩粉紅趾又叫馬提尼克粉紅趾，是非常著名和高人氣的寵物捕鳥蛛種類之一，也是整個caribena屬最具代表性的種類之一。不管是幼體還是成體，它們都像是一件美麗的藝術(shù)品。但同時這種蜘蛛比較脆弱，比較容易因為溫度和濕度問題突然暴斃，被爬友稱為”暴斃王“。

成長速度：★★★

攻擊性：★★☆

互動性：★★☆

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★★★☆

售價：

￥120-135（3cm未分辨公母）

￥255-270（4cm未分辨公母）

￥350-370（5-6cm未分辨公母）

￥1000左右（8-9cm未分辨公母）

￥1500左右（10-12cm未分辨公母）

注：務(wù)必注意時刻監(jiān)控溫度和濕度。

油彩粉紅趾

三、跳蛛推薦?

跳蛛，Salticidae，蜘蛛目的一科，通稱跳蛛。體長多數(shù)不超過15毫米。體多短粗而稍扁平，步足粗短強(qiáng)壯，善蹦跳，因而得名。跳蛛科是蜘蛛目中最大的科，全球約有3000種。分布于世界各地，在熱帶和亞熱帶種類較多。分布在中國南方的種類和數(shù)量都多于北方。跳蛛科8新種，提供了詳細(xì)的描述。模式標(biāo)本現(xiàn)保存在中國科學(xué)院動物研究所。

其實跳蛛的智商非常高，在一項實驗中，研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)跳蛛有時會對某些自然視頻和人類“念念不忘”。合著作者伊麗莎白-雅克布說：“許多蜘蛛物種，例如：黑寡婦或者隱居褐蛛，都會避開人們，而跳蛛則表現(xiàn)出無所畏懼。

（1）佛羅里達(dá)跳蛛

佛羅里達(dá)跳蛛長2.5厘米左右，在佛羅里達(dá)很常見。巨大的體形可能給了它一定優(yōu)勢，使其敢于捕食類似古巴樹蛙這樣的動物。

攻擊性：★★

互動性：★★★

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★★

售價：（注：L表示蛻皮次數(shù)，3L代表已蛻皮3次）

￥32-38（3-4L灰白佛幼體）

￥50-60（5-6L灰白佛幼體）

￥190-205（1cm灰白佛）

￥280-300（2cm灰白佛）

￥70-80（3-4L黑佛幼體）

￥340-355（1cm黑佛）

￥50-60（4-5L橙佛）

￥185-195（7L橙佛）

灰佛

橙佛

（2）安德遜跳蛛

新蛛亞目 蠅虎科 安德遜蠅虎（跳蛛）Hasarius adansoni 雌性體長約10mm，雄性體長6~8mm左右，足展均在10mm以上，雄性較雌性小，白斑明顯，為常見家養(yǎng)跳蛛，深受跳蛛友們的喜愛。

攻擊性：★★

互動性：★★★

飼養(yǎng)難度：★★

售價：（家里常見，自己抓也可）

￥10（1cm左右未分辨公母）

安德遜跳蛛

四、注意事項??

Q：哪些蜘蛛沒毒？

A：只要是蜘蛛都有毒，只是毒性大小有所差異。比如紅玫瑰的毒性偏弱，橙巴布和海南捕鳥蛛的毒性較強(qiáng)。

Q：哪些蜘蛛不咬人？

A：這個要看蜘蛛的性格，不同種類它們的攻擊性不同。但就算是溫順的紅玫瑰，你用手去捏他肚子或者用力戳它，它也會跳起來咬你一口。

Q：蜘蛛咬了人怎么辦？

A：第一步吸血，把把帶有神經(jīng)毒素的血從傷口洗出來。第二步擠血，把指尖上殘留的帶有毒素的血液擠出來，順著手指根部往前推然后把傷口附近殘留的毒液帶著血擠壓出來。第三步清洗，用涼水或冰水先沖洗傷口再浸泡十五分鐘到半小時，延緩毒液擴(kuò)散并且起到陣痛效果。

被毒性較小的蜘蛛咬了大概一星期可以痊愈。被橙巴布這種毒性強(qiáng)的蜘蛛咬了后可能會出現(xiàn)癲癇和局部抽搐癥狀，請及時就醫(yī)。

Q：跳蛛咬人不？

A：逼急了也會，但是體長偏小的跳蛛幾乎咬不穿你的皮膚，而且它們本身毒性也不強(qiáng)，所以不用擔(dān)心。但是被咬了同樣需要做以上應(yīng)急處理。

Q：是不是有的蜘蛛不能養(yǎng)？

A：對，養(yǎng)了被發(fā)現(xiàn)就蹲大牢了。禁止飼養(yǎng)的蜘蛛上面有圖陳列出來了的。

Q：蜘蛛可以群養(yǎng)不？

A：除夢幻蜘蛛外基本上不建議群養(yǎng)，因為它們會同類相食。

Q：養(yǎng)蜘蛛該注意什么？

A：本文因為篇幅原因不詳細(xì)羅列，請前往百度貼吧看爬友怎么喂的，每個蜘蛛都有適合自身的溫度、濕度以及墊材。

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本期的分享就到這里，如果您對今天的文章有獨特的想法，歡迎給我們留言，讓我們相約明天，祝您今天過得開心快樂！

本文由LearningYard學(xué)苑原創(chuàng)，僅代表作者個人觀點，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系刪除。

翻譯參考來源：谷歌翻譯。

部分內(nèi)容參考來源：百度百科、百度“蜘蛛吧”和“跳蛛吧”。

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英文翻譯
Share interest, spread happiness, increase knowledge, and stay beautiful! Dear you, this is LearningYard Academy.

When I yell "There are spiders!" behind you, will you be shocked? In fact, there is an attractive side under their terrifying appearance. Today, I will introduce to you "the scary and fascinating alternative pet-spider". Read this article quickly, maybe you want to raise one too!

With the improvement of living standards, people increasingly hope to have a pet to accompany them and spend their free time. But this pet is not necessarily just a docile and cute cat or dog, it may be a strange species you can't imagine-a crawling pet. Whether it is spiders, scorpions, lizards, centipedes, or even snakes, they can all become the favorites of reptile players. You may not understand why people like such terrible things, but everything is contradictory. The more terrifying things, the more attractive they are.

Where are the cute and charming spiders? Didn't your cute eyes and dull steps poke your cute spots?

Note: Spiders entering the conservation period are not allowed to be kept privately, and the editor will not write them into this article.

Spiders are the most abundant predatory natural enemies in terrestrial ecosystems, with a body length of 1 to 90 millimeters. The body is divided into two parts, the cephalothorax (front body) and the abdomen (rear body). The cephalothorax is covered with a carapace and a chest plate. There are two pairs of appendages on the cephalothorax. The first pair is chelate, with chelate teeth and venom gland openings at the tip of the chelate teeth; the chelate limbs of the straight palatine suborder move back and forth, and the jaws move sideways and towards each other; the second pair It is a beard, which is in the shape of a foot in the female and immature male spiders, which is used to hold food and serve as a sensory organ; but in the male adult spider, the end of the beard limb is enlarged and becomes a transfer device for transferring sperm.

According to the literature, there are 3,821 genera and 42055 species of spiders in the world (2010), and has recorded about 3,800 species belonging to 67 families. Arachnid has 14 orders, 5 orders have been extinct, and 7 orders have been discovered in our country.

This article recommends two types of spiders that are more suitable for artificial breeding, namely: Tarantula and Jumping spider.

Note: The selling price is the parent price. Compared with male spiders, female spiders live longer and have larger individuals, but the price is much higher.

Tarantulas are relatively primitive spiders, densely covered with fine hairs. Some Tarantulas in South and North America have irritating sting hairs in certain parts of their bodies. When they encounter natural enemies such as mice, they use their hind feet to scatter this natural itchy powder. The enemy's reaction is like a worker's whole body itching after laying woven glass felt. So you can use this method of body protection, but it may not bite as well as tarantulas in Asia and other places.

One of the most classic and iconic pet tarantula species. A docile personality, coupled with a charming appearance, is always one of the most popular species in the pet tarantula market. Jinzhijian is easier to get started and the price is cheaper. The maximum foot length is 22cm and belongs to a larger individual.

Growth rate: ★★☆

Aggression: ★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★

Price:

￥18-24 (2cm larvae);

￥70-85 (5-6cm)

￥140-160 (7-8cm)

￥260-290 (8-10cm)

￥340-370 (10-12cm)

More than ￥500 (above 12cm)

The red rose spider is native to the desert of Chile. It is covered with dark red fluff. It does not require high environmental requirements. It has strong adaptability, docile temperament and simple feeding. It is especially suitable for newbies, and it is cheap and acceptable. Even the name is very attractive. The most popular pet spider in the market. The total length of the adult head and chest is about 7-8cm, and the total length is about 10-15cm. It is covered with dark red fluff, which is a kind of cave spider. It is covered with dark red fluff, especially the upper part of the head and chest, showing dark purple red. Very low toxicity, the red rose hair spider is very docile in most cases and can be used. But it does not rule out accidents.

There is basically no difference between the two, but the fire rose is redder and bigger than the red rose, and its price is slightly higher.

Growth rate: ★☆

Aggression: ★

Interactivity: ★★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★☆

Price:

￥42-48 larvae)

￥120-130 (3-4cm)

￥350-370 (6-7cm)

￥580-610 (8-10cm)

More than ￥1000 (above 13cm)

Note: When buying larvae, some unscrupulous merchants will charge the number of larvae, please keep your eyes open.

This genus is one of the most common species, and there are many in mainland. I don't understand the translation of it into "Solomon bird-eating", it is estimated that it is directly transliterated according to the English name "Salmon". But in fact, the English name is "Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula", which translates to "Brazilian Salmon Pink Tarantula". Because they are brown-black, covered with pink hair. The breeding method refers to the Brazilian Flaming Bird and the Bahia Scarlet Bird. It grows quickly, has a long lifespan, and is cheap.

Growth rate: ★★★★

Aggression: ★★☆

Interactivity: ★★☆

Feeding difficulty: ★★

Price:

￥10-14 larvae)

￥40-60 (5-6cm)

￥75-85 (7-8cm)

￥100-115 (8-9m)

￥230-245 (about 12cm)

Brazilian black velvet is a slow-growing species. It takes 4-6 years to reach adulthood from larvae. Fortunately, their larvae are quite large, so they are very easy to raise. Their lifespan is also quite long, female Brazil black has a lifespan of 20-25 years. It is worth noting that Brazilian black prefers a relatively dry mat material. When breeding, you can use half of the mat material as moist coconut soil, and the other half as dry coconut soil, so as to ensure sufficient humidity and not cause excessive humidity. Cause the spider to get sick.

This spider is very beautiful, but the price is also relatively expensive.

Growth rate: ★☆

Aggression: ★★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★☆

Price:

￥280-290 unrecognized male and female)

￥590-640 (5-6cm)

Common species in the mainland, they have four color variants-red variant, primary color variant, dark variant, and a variant of Usambara mountain. At present, the most common type in mainland is the red variant, which is usually called "Lieyang Babu". "Usambara Mountain Variety" and "Primary Color Species" are usually called "Orange Babu/African Kim Babu", while dark color varieties are less common. Orange bab is a fast-growing species. The female orange bab can live for more than 8-10 years, and the male can live for 1-2 years after adulthood.

Orange Babu is very aggressive, grows fast, and can be "naked" (without mat), and the price is very cheap.

Growth rate: ★★★★☆

Aggression: ★★★★★

Interactivity: ★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★☆

Price:

￥8-11 larvae)

￥14-18 (2cm larvae)

￥25-32 (3cm unidentified male and female)

￥72-82 (about 6cm)

￥190-210 (12-13cm)

Note: This species is highly toxic, it is highly recommended for novices to raise, and do not use it. When feeding, use long tweezers to feed, and the lid should be covered and safe!

Painted pink toe, also called Martinique pink toe, is one of the most famous and popular pet bird spider species, and one of the most representative species of the entire caribena genus. Whether they are juveniles or adults, they are like a beautiful work of art. But at the same time, this kind of spider is relatively fragile, and it is easier to suddenly die suddenly due to temperature and humidity problems.

Growth rate: ★★★

Aggression: ★★☆

Interactivity: ★★☆

Feeding difficulty: ★★★★☆

Price:

￥120-135 (3cm unidentified male and female)

￥255-270 (4cm unidentified male and female)

￥350-370 (5-6cm unidentified male and female)

Around ￥1000 (8-9cm unidentified male and female)

Around ￥1500 (10-12cm unidentified male and female)

Note: Be sure to monitor the temperature and humidity at all times.

Jumping spiders, Salticidae, a family of spiders, commonly known as jumping spiders. Most of the body length does not exceed 15 mm. The body is short, thick and slightly flat, with stubby feet and strong, good jumping, hence the name. Arachnididae is the largest family in the order Arachnid, with about 3000 species in the world. Distributed all over the world, there are more species in tropical and subtropical. There are more types and numbers in southern than in northern . A detailed description of 8 new species of Arachnididae is provided. The type specimen is now preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences.

In fact, jumping spiders have a very high IQ. In an experiment, researchers also found that jumping spiders sometimes "remember" certain natural videos and humans. Co-author Elizabeth Jacobs said: "Many spider species, such as black widows or reclusive brown spiders, avoid people, and jumping spiders show fearlessness.

Florida jumping spiders are about 2.5 cm long and are common in Florida. The huge size may give it a certain advantage, making it daring to prey on animals like the Cuban tree frog.

Aggression: ★★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★★

Price: (Note: L represents the number of molting times, 3L represents 3 times of molting)

￥32-38 (3-4L gray Buddha larvae)

￥50-60 (5-6L gray-white Buddha larvae)

￥190-205 (1cm gray and white Buddha)

￥280-300 (2cm gray and white Buddha)

￥70-80 (3-4L black Buddha larvae)

￥340-355 (1cm black Buddha)

￥50-60 (4-5L orange Buddha)

￥185-195 (7L Orange Buddha)

The new spider suborder Myriadidae Anderson fly tiger (jumping spider) Hasarius adansoni The female body length is about 10mm, the male body length is about 6-8mm, and the foot span is more than 10mm. The male is smaller than the female and has obvious white spots. It is a common domestic Jumping spiders are deeply loved by jumping spider friends.

Aggression: ★★

Interactivity: ★★★

Feeding difficulty: ★★

Price: (common at home, you can grab it yourself)

￥10 (Male and female are not distinguished about 1cm)

Q: Which spiders are not poisonous?

A: As long as the spiders are poisonous, the size of the poison varies. For example, the toxicity of red rose is weak, and the toxicity of orange babble and Hainan Tarantula are stronger.

Q: Which spiders do not bite?

A: This depends on the personality of the spider. Different types have different aggressiveness. But even if it is a gentle red rose, if you pinch his stomach or poke it hard, it will jump up and bite you.

Q: What if the spider bites someone?

A: The first step is to suck blood and wash the blood with neurotoxin from the wound. The second step is to squeeze the blood, squeeze out the toxin-bearing blood remaining on the fingertips, push forward along the root of the finger, and then squeeze out the venom remaining near the wound with the blood. The third step is to wash, rinse the wound with cold or ice water and soak for 15 minutes to half an hour to delay the spread of the venom and have a painful effect.

After being bitten by a less venomous spider, it can heal in about a week. Epilepsy and local convulsions may occur after being bitten by a poisonous spider such as orange babbu, please seek medical attention in time.

Q: Does jumping spider bite people?

A: If you are in a hurry, but jumping spiders with small body length can hardly bite your skin, and they are not very toxic, so don't worry. But if you are bitten, you also need to do the above emergency treatment.

Q: Are there some spiders that cannot be raised?

A: Yes, after raising and being found, you will go to jail. There are pictures on the forbidden spiders.

Q: Can spiders be kept in groups?

A: Except for fantasy spiders, group breeding is basically not recommended, because they can eat cannibalism.

Q: What should I pay attention to when raising spiders?

A: This article does not list it in detail due to space reasons. Please go to Baidu Post Bar to see how crawlers feed. Each spider has its own temperature, humidity, and mat material.

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This article was originally created by LearningYard Academy and only represents the author's personal views. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.

Translation reference source: Google Translate.

Part of the content reference source: Baidu Baike, Baidu "Spider Bar" and "Jumping Spider Bar".