【導(dǎo)語】學(xué)好賓語從句也可為將來的高中學(xué)習(xí)主語從句、表語從句以及同位語從句打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。現(xiàn)本站把關(guān)于賓語從句的考查點進(jìn)行分類歸納，以方便大家學(xué)習(xí)、參考。

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定義

在主句中做賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。(簡單來講，就是用一個句子充當(dāng)了另一個句子的賓語)

如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.

“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的賓語，同時又是由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句，所以它叫做賓語從句。

分類

1.動詞賓語從句：顧名思義，它是位于動詞后面的賓語從句。

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.

他問我們班上誰的書法。

2.介詞賓語從句：顧名思義，它是位于介詞后面的賓語從句。

I agree with what you said just now.

我同意你剛才說的話。

3.形容詞賓語從句：顧名思義，它是位于形容詞后面的賓語從句。

I am afraid that I will be late.

恐怕我要遲到了。

語序

無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。

根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：

1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who，what，which等。

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?

你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?

The small children don't know what is in their stockings.

這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?

2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.

他問我們班上誰的書法。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.

老師問我們房間里有多少人。

3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.

他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?

你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。

Do you know which class he is in ?

你知道他在哪個班嗎?

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.

她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。

連接詞

1、由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，多數(shù)情況下可省略

1)I hear (that) you passed the exam.

2)He said (that) his father was a singer.

3)The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.

引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略：

1.That 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和主句之間有插入語時

Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America.

我確信，小艾麗斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美國了。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.

恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。

I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.

我認(rèn)為，尤其重要的是，我們必須對自己有信心。

2. 有間接賓語時。

He told me that he was leaving for Japan.

他告訴我他要去日本。

3. 當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個以及其他的that不可以省略

I hope (that) I can get a good mark and that I can go to collage

He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.

The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.

老師告訴學(xué)生他們要在第二天交上作業(yè)，并且作業(yè)必須由家長簽名。

4 .當(dāng)it 作形式賓語，后接that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時。

We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.

我們已經(jīng)表明，我們將學(xué)會處理各種難題

We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.

我們想當(dāng)然地以為他們會接受這個建議的。

5. that從句單獨回答問題時。

What did he hear?

他聽說了什么事?

That Kate had passed the exam.

(他聽說)凱特考試及格了。

6. 介詞except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時。

The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.

那個瑞典人站著一動不動，只是嘴巴還微微在動。

7.位于句首時。

That our team will win, I believe.

我相信我們隊會贏。

8 在較為正式或不常用的動詞(如reply, object)后。

He replied that he disagreed.

他回答說他不同意。

2、由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(重點掌握)

if/ whether "是否"，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。

1)I want to know whether/if he is right.

2)I Ask him whether/if he likes me_.

3)I wonder _whether/if we can get there.

4)Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?

但在下列情況下只能用whether：

①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。

Let me know whether /if he will come or not.

=Let me know whether or not he will come.

讓我知道他是否能來。

I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.

=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.

我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.

我不知道我們是去還是留。

②在介詞之后用whether。

I'm interested in whether he likes English.

我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.

我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.

他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.

我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.

他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

④whether置于句首時，不能換用if。

Whether this is true or not，I can't say.

這是否真的我說不上來。

⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。

Whether she will come or not is still a question.

她是否能來還是個問題。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.

問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

⑥若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。

Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：

a.Please let me know whether you like the book.

請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。

b.If you like the book，please let me know.

你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。

3.由連接代詞

Who,whom,whose,which,what和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

這些代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。

1)He asked who the man is.

2)Do you know whose book it is?

3)He asked what he could do for that.

4)Do you know which answer is the best?

5)Please tell me where the right way is.

6)Can you tell me how we can get there?

7)Could you tell me when we should meet?

時態(tài)

含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點內(nèi)容：

1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。

I don't know when he will come back.

我不知道他將何時回來。(從句為將來時)

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.

他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。(從句為過去時)

2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.

(從句為過去時)

He said that he was listening to the music at that time.

(從句為過去進(jìn)行時)

3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

4)從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

注意：

if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。

if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為“是否”和“何時”，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)……時候”，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。

Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?

你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎?

Sorry，I don't know.When he comes back，I'll tell you.

對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。

I don't know if he will come.

我不知道他是否會來。

He will come if it doesn't rain.

如果不下雨，他會來的。

簡化賓語從句常用六法

同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。

下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：

方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him.

→We decided to help him.

方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

She has forgotten how she can open the window.

→She has forgotten how to open the window.

注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

→Could you tell me how to get to the station?

方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。

He insisted that he should go with us.

→He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?/p>

It seemed that the boys were going to win.

→The boys seemed to win.

除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.

→I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy.

→They found the box very heavy

口訣

賓語從句三姊妹,that，if/whether,wh-/how展風(fēng)采

展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)在把關(guān)

主從時態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變

陳述請你選that，疑問需用if/whether連

特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換

三關(guān)過后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點需注意

留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡化記心間