您指的中國(guó)哪個(gè)貧困地區(qū)？您能否舉出一個(gè)具體的案例，一個(gè)中國(guó)未開發(fā)或者忽視其發(fā)展的例子。

Which poor part of China do you refer to? Can you give just one specific example that China has failed?to develop?or ignored?

如果你不相信，不如讓我們從中國(guó)最貧困地區(qū)的情況看起。

If you are not convinced, let us just look at the situations from the poorest part of China.

　　Janus Dongye在維基百科上檢索到了中國(guó)各省、自治區(qū)人均（名義）GDp列表，挑出了排名倒數(shù)的四個(gè)省（自治區(qū)），作為討論范圍。

甘肅：4735美元，人口2600萬(wàn)

Gansu province ($4735, 26 million people)

云南：5612美元，人口4800萬(wàn)

Yunnan province ($5612, 48 million people)

貴州：6233美元，人口3600萬(wàn)

Guizhou province ($6233, 36 million people)

廣西：6270美元，人口4900萬(wàn)

Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region?($6270, 49 million people)

　　Janus Dongye還給出了其他國(guó)家人均GDp的參照對(duì)比數(shù)據(jù)。

僅供參考：印度（2036美元），越南（2551美元），蒙古（2036美元），阿爾巴尼亞（5289美元），南非（6377美元）。

Just for reference: India ($2036), Vietnam ($2551), Mongolia ($4026), Albania ($) and South Africa ($6377).?

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惡劣的地理環(huán)境

甘肅窮是有原因的。一面，甘肅大部分地區(qū)地處寒冷的青藏高原。另一面，部分地區(qū)是荒無人煙的戈壁沙漠。

Gansu is poor for a reason. On one side, you have the massive, cold Tibetan plateau. On the other side, you have the deadly Gobi Desert.

　　為了更直觀地介紹甘肅的地理環(huán)境，Janus Dongye從網(wǎng)上找來了一些關(guān)于甘肅地貌的照片。? ? ? ??

來看看下面這張圖，這是一個(gè)典型的甘肅村莊的模樣。

Have a look at the following picture. This is what a typical village in Gansu looks like.

紅色的巖石、黃色的沙土、幽深的峽谷。甘肅于中國(guó)而言就像是你們的美國(guó)內(nèi)華達(dá)州。有很多地方就像美國(guó)的死亡谷和紅色峽谷一樣。

Red stones, golden sands and deep valleys. Gansu is the Nevada State of China. There are a lot of sites just like the death valley and red canyon in the US.

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政府做了什么

　　Janus Dongye拋出了這個(gè)核心問題：為解決這一問題，政府做了什么呢？

　　投入巨資為當(dāng)?shù)刂袊?guó)百姓修路！

在“十三五”規(guī)劃（2016-2020）中，中央政府投入了大量資金建設(shè)高速公路、鐵路，穿越這萬(wàn)惡的山丘。

For the 13th Five-Year plan (2016–2020), the central government has poured a huge amount of money in building expressways and railways across these god damn hills.?

　　重點(diǎn)是，修什么樣的路，架什么等級(jí)的橋。

更重要的是，政府并不是建造單滿足于人們通行的“5級(jí)”橋梁。相反，他們正在建造的是“50級(jí)”閃亮的巨型橋梁。

And what's more, they are not building "Level 5" bridges just enough for people to move. Instead, they are building "Level 50" shiny and massive bridges.

　　“5級(jí)”橋梁和“50級(jí)”橋梁分別意味著什么？

下圖是法國(guó)的一座“5級(jí)”橋梁，長(zhǎng)度和高度都很有限。你必須俯沖，過橋還要爬上山。

Here is an example of a "Level 5" bridge in France. Short in length and height. You have to rush down, cross the bridge and climb up the mountains.

這是甘肅“50級(jí)”橋梁的一個(gè)例子。您所需要做的就是以120km/h的速度駛過。

Here is an example of a "Level 50" bridge in Gansu. All you need to do is to pass through at the speed of 120km/h.

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因地制宜

一面有寒冷的青藏高原。另一面，則是酷熱的戈壁沙漠。溫差意味著持續(xù)的風(fēng)力。

On one side, you have the cold the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. On the other side, you have the hot Gobi desert. Boom! The temperature difference means wind constantly blows.

因此，甘肅是可再生能源領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。它擁有世界上最大的陸上風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠。

Therefore, Gansu is the leader in its renewable energy sector. It has the world's largest on-shore wind farm.

△甘肅酒泉風(fēng)電基地

甘肅也有很多陸上太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電場(chǎng)。我雖然不確定它是否是世界上最大的。但是你可以從谷歌地圖上看到它們，幾乎每個(gè)地方都有。

There are many on-shore solar farms in Gansu as well. I am not sure if it is the world's largest. But you can spot them everywhere on Google Earth.

△甘肅敦煌太陽(yáng)能光熱發(fā)電項(xiàng)目

以上就是中國(guó)政府對(duì)甘肅這個(gè)中國(guó)最窮的省進(jìn)行的投資和發(fā)展。2018年，甘肅的GDp增速高達(dá)10.54%。與其他省份相比，這還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，甘肅依然還有很多偏遠(yuǎn)村莊沒有像樣的公路和橋梁。未來中國(guó)政府會(huì)繼續(xù)為脫貧做些什么，我們拭目以待。

In summary, these conclude the development in the poorest province of China — Gansu. The GDp growth for Gansu province in 2018 is 10.54 percent. And it is still far from enough compared to other provinces because we still have a lot of distant villages in Gansu that are not yet covered by decent roads and bridges. We will wait and see how China continues to eliminate poverty here.

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大山的子孫

　　Janus Dongye這樣描述道：

板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)使得印度次大陸持續(xù)“擠壓”，云貴地區(qū)的山越來越高、河流持續(xù)將峽谷侵蝕得越來越深，這里的地形變得越來越像“皺紋”。

As the Indian subcontinent continues to squeeze, terrains around here are becoming more and more similar to "wrinkles", as mountains are squeezed higher and the rivers continue to carve valleys deeper.

設(shè)想一下，您就生活在這“皺紋”中間。您被高聳的山脈和深深的峽谷環(huán)繞著。

Imagine you are living in the middle of the "wrinkle". You would be surrounded by tall mountains and deep valleys.

沒有飛行器基本無法進(jìn)出，更別說修路了。你可能要困在這個(gè)地方孤獨(dú)終老。

It is nearly impossible to move around without flying. Building roads is also nearly impossible. You would be isolated for your whole life.?

作為一個(gè)農(nóng)民，住這兒你能發(fā)財(cái)？那才怪了呢。要是生病了，都得打電話叫直升機(jī)載你去最近的醫(yī)院。但你必須有錢才能買得起手機(jī)打電話。有了手機(jī)，沒有信號(hào)？

As a farmer, can you get rich if you live here? That's nearly impossible. If you are ill, you have to call a helicopter to fly to the nearest hospital. But you have to be rich to afford a mobile phone. No signal??

你絕望嗎？估計(jì)是會(huì)崩潰吧。

Are you desperate? Most likely.

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世界級(jí)橋梁走出大山

　　Janus Dongye列舉了中國(guó)政府在這個(gè)貧困地區(qū)架起的世界級(jí)橋梁：

貴州六盤水的北盤江大橋——全世界最高的橋

Beipanjiang bridge, Liupanshui, Guizhou (World's highest bridge)

云南宣威市的普利特大橋——全世界第三高的橋

pu-Li-Te Bridge, Xuanwei, Yunnan (World's third highest bridge)

云南麗江的金安大橋——全世界第四高的橋，2020年完工

Jin-An Bridge, Lijiang, Yunnan (World's fourth highest bridge, to be completed in 2020)

貴州的鴨池河大橋——全世界第五高的橋

Ya-Chi-He Bridge, Qingzhen, Guizhou (World's fifth highest bridge)

貴州的六廣河大橋——全世界第六高的橋

Liu-Guang-He Bridge, Liutong, Guizhou (World's sixth highest bridge)

貴州的平塘大橋——全世界最大的高架橋，預(yù)計(jì)今年下半年完工ping-tang Bridge, Liutong, Guizhou (World's largest viaduct bridge, to be completed later in 2019)

　　單看這些橋，可能沒有太大的觸動(dòng)。對(duì)比下另一個(gè)國(guó)家的情況，你就能感受到中國(guó)的實(shí)力和速度了。

　　據(jù)Janus Dongye介紹：

這是貴州的一條高速鐵路拱橋，高鐵能夠以250km/h的速度穿過。A high-speed railway arch bridge in Guizhou. Bullet trains pass through this bridge at the speed of 250km/h.

來比較下，印度現(xiàn)在也在修一條類似的鐵路橋——Chenab Railway Bridge。這座橋從2003年開始修，原計(jì)劃于2009年12月修好，建成之后將成為全世界最高的鐵路拱橋。10年過去了，卻還沒有修完。

For comparison, a similar railway bridge is also being built in India. It is called the Chenab Railway Bridge. However, this bridge started in 2003 and it was originally intended to be completed in December 2009. But ten years have passed and it remains unfinished.

倘若印度再拖延，兩年內(nèi)修不好，那么四川到西藏在建的一條鐵路橋就將取而代之，奪得“世界上最高的鐵路拱橋”的桂冠。

If the Indian engineers delay another 2 years, the bridge would no longer be the world's tallest railway arch bridge. That accolade would go to the Sichuan-Tibet railway bridge.

　　據(jù)Janus Dongye介紹，從目前來說，全世界最高的100座橋幾乎都在云南和貴州！回到最先開始我們對(duì)地貌的介紹，再想想云貴高速網(wǎng)，不要覺得一切都是理所當(dāng)然的。

想想看那里的地形，不是高山就是峽谷，你知道建這個(gè)高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)有多難嗎？

Think about their terrain and imagine how difficult it is to build expressways here.

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4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋

即便在那些連條像樣的路都沒有的最偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊，你都總能找到已接入的4G基站。就4G方面而言，世界上沒有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家可以和中國(guó)相提并論。

Even in the most distant village with no good roads, you can always find 4G base stations installed. In terms of 4G, no other countries in the world can be compared with China.?

根據(jù)中國(guó)工業(yè)和信息化部的數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)目前有12.04億人用上了4G。中國(guó)一共有372萬(wàn)個(gè)4G基站，比全世界其他國(guó)家加起來還要多20%。貴州一萬(wàn)多個(gè)村莊實(shí)現(xiàn)4G全覆蓋，云南的覆蓋率達(dá)到65％，還在繼續(xù)推進(jìn)。

According to the Ministry of Industry and IT in China, there are 1.204 billion users connected to 4G stations in China. There are 3.72 million 4G base stations installed in China, exceeding 20% more than the rest of the world combined. Guizhou has achieved 100% 4G coverage in all its 10k villages and Yunnan is at 65% and counting.

2019年，個(gè)人無限流量4G套餐月租為98元錢（14.5美元），家庭套餐月租為134元錢（20美元）。而在美國(guó)，T-Mobile公司10GB的流量就要40美元。雖然印度的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)比中國(guó)便宜得多，但與中國(guó)相比，其4G覆蓋率相對(duì)較低。

In 2019, the package price for unlimited 4G internet is 98 RMB ($14.5) for one person and 134 RMB ($20) for a family of three. In the US, 10GB of internet costs as much as $40. In India Internet is cheaper than in China, but 4G coverage is relatively low.

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水力發(fā)電

　　沒有電力支撐，4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)將形同虛設(shè)。云南和貴州的發(fā)展，離不開水力發(fā)電。Janus Dongye介紹道：

全世界最大的那些水壩和發(fā)電廠大多數(shù)都建在云南和貴州。它們?yōu)橹袊?guó)貢獻(xiàn)了30%的水力發(fā)電。

Yunnan and Guizhou are also blessed with hydropower. Most of the world's largest dams and power stations are from Yunnan and Guizhou. They contribute to 30% of the hydroelectricity generated in China.

云南的水力發(fā)電量：280.4太(拉)瓦時(shí)

Yunnan hydropower generation: 280.4 terawatt hours

貴州的水力發(fā)電量：65.8太(拉)瓦時(shí)

Guizhou hydropower generation: 65.8 terawatt hours?

三峽大壩的發(fā)電量：88.2太(拉)瓦時(shí)

Three Gorges Dam generation: 88.2 terawatt hours

從谷歌地圖上沿著云南省的4條主要河流尋找就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，同一條河流上都有很多級(jí)大壩。光是金沙江就有9級(jí)水壩。

Just follow along the four major rivers in Yunnan on Google Earth. You can find many stages of dam on the same river. For example, the Jinsha River (Yangtze) has nine stages of dams.

云南和貴州產(chǎn)生的水電直接傳輸?shù)綇V東省和香港，通過已建成的超高壓輸電線路。

Hydroelectricity generated in Yunnan and Guizhou are directly transmitted to power up Guangdong province and Hong Kong via an ultra-high voltage power transmission line.

這意味著，您手里一小部分中國(guó)制造的產(chǎn)品，生產(chǎn)用電實(shí)際上就是云南水力發(fā)電。

That means a fraction of made-in-China products are actually manufactured using hydro-power from Yunnan.

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數(shù)據(jù)中心?

　　Janus Dongye特別介紹了為何貴州在大力扶持下能發(fā)展為數(shù)據(jù)中心基地，這與上面政府投入的水電項(xiàng)目密切相關(guān)?！　∵@里，小編簡(jiǎn)單補(bǔ)充下。數(shù)據(jù)中心的服務(wù)器冷卻需要大量用水用電。因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)交換機(jī)或工作站必須在一定的溫度條件下工作，溫度過高就性能下降或者死機(jī)。而這些機(jī)器本身又會(huì)在工作時(shí)大量發(fā)熱，所以需要空調(diào)冷卻或者水冷，特別耗電。同時(shí)，電力穩(wěn)定也為數(shù)據(jù)中心的正常穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行提供了可行性。

　　他寫道：

正是由于可用于冷卻的水電資源豐富，所以，貴州成為了中國(guó)最重要的數(shù)據(jù)中心基地。

Thanks to the abundance of electricity and water resources for cooling, the Chinese government has chosen Guizhou as its most important base for data centres.

　　Janus Dongye還給出了實(shí)例加以證明：

騰訊七星數(shù)據(jù)中心就扎根于貴州的深山中，這里存儲(chǔ)著所有微信和騰訊視頻用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。

Deep in the caves of Guizhou, lies the Tencent T-Block data centre. This is the place where the data of all Chinese WeChat and Tencent Video (Chinese Netflix) users is stored.

2018年，蘋果公司也把iCloud數(shù)據(jù)中心建在了貴州。中國(guó)所有蘋果用戶的信息都儲(chǔ)存在這里。In 2018, Apple decided to place its iCloud (China) data centre in Guizhou. This is where all Chinese Apple user information is stored in China.

如今，幾乎每一家IT企業(yè)都在貴州設(shè)立了數(shù)據(jù)中心，包括阿里巴巴、華為、中國(guó)移動(dòng)等。

Other major IT companies have set up their data centres in Guizhou, including Alibaba, Huawei, and China Mobile.

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自然條件先天性不足

　　Janus Dongye稱，廣西和越南北部在地理位置和地形方面非常相似。兩個(gè)地方都有大量的河漫灘平原、丘陵山脈和沿海地區(qū)。

Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region?and Northern Vietnam are actually very similar in terms of geographic positions and terrains. They both have plenty of flooded plains, hilly mountains and coastal areas.?

從理論上來講，兩地的人均GDp應(yīng)該很相似。但實(shí)際上，與廣西相比，越南遭受了多次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，現(xiàn)在廣西的人均GDp是6270美元，而越南是2557美元。

In theory, their GDp per capita should be similar but Vietnam suffers many wars compared to Guangxi. Now Guangxi GDp per capita is $6270 and Vietnam is $2557.

　　其實(shí)，廣西存在著地理環(huán)境上的“先天性”劣勢(shì)。

　　“大河向東流”流失了機(jī)會(huì)和人才。

　　Janus Dongye認(rèn)為，廣西的主要問題在于區(qū)內(nèi)所有河流都向東流，而不是向南流入海洋。

…the main problem for Guangxi is that all of its tributary rivers flow east instead of heading south to the sea.?

即使今天在中國(guó)，由于水運(yùn)成本低廉，仍然有很多重型貨物通過河流運(yùn)輸，這對(duì)廣西來說是一個(gè)問題。由于區(qū)內(nèi)所有河流向東流，因此所有來自廣西的水運(yùn)貨物都要先經(jīng)過廣州和香港。

Even for today in China, there are still a lot of heavyweight goods are shipped by river in China due to the comparatively low cost of transport. The problem for Guangxi is that, since all its rivers flow directly to the east, all river-based shipment from Guangxi has to go through Guangzhou and Hong Kong.

對(duì)于廣西首府南寧而言，最大的尷尬之處在于，即便南寧距離南部海岸只有100公里，貨輪卻需要向東航行1000公里才能抵達(dá)海洋。想像一下廣西人民為國(guó)際航運(yùn)需要承擔(dān)的額外成本。

…the biggest embarrassment for the capital Nanning is that ships have to travel 1000km to the east to reach the sea, even though Nanning is only 100km away from the coast to the south. Just imagine the extra cost added for the Guangxi people when it comes to international shipment!

同樣的地形問題也出現(xiàn)在巴西，巨大的山脈阻擋了海岸。這就是巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)落后，無法發(fā)展制造業(yè)的原因。

A similar issue can be found in Brazil where a huge mountain range can be seen blocks the coast. …That's why the Brazilian economy is not so good and could not develop manufacturing.

△巴西的地形圖

廣西（比巴西）稍微好一些，但是廣西的航運(yùn)成本比中國(guó)其他沿海省份更高。由于高昂的成本，投資和人才都不會(huì)來到這里，而且臨近廣東，廣西還因此存在嚴(yán)重的人才流失問題。這是廣西貧窮的終極原因。

Guangxi is slightly better but shipping costs in Guangxi are more expensive compared to other coastal provinces in China. Due to the high costs, investments and talents would not come and it suffers the severe brain drain from the nearby Canton.?This is the ultimate reason why Guangxi is poor.

因此，廣西需要的是盡力改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，吸引來自重慶和昆明的貨物運(yùn)輸。

They need to try their best to improve infrastructure and attract shipments from Chongqing and Kunming.

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政府做了什么

　　Janus Dongye認(rèn)為，廣西自治區(qū)政府意識(shí)到了廣西自然條件的缺陷和發(fā)展中存在的不足，及時(shí)調(diào)整發(fā)展策略。

幸運(yùn)的是，廣西自治區(qū)政府已經(jīng)意識(shí)到了這個(gè)問題，在集中精力發(fā)展與云南和貴州的聯(lián)系，而且他們提議修建運(yùn)河。

Luckily the current CpC?leader in Guangxi has realized the problem and is now focusing on promoting connections between Yunnan and Guizhou. And they have also proposed to?build Canals!

廣西的“十三五”規(guī)劃中提到，要評(píng)估修建連接平塘河與南部欽江的平陸運(yùn)河的可能性。

For the?13th Five-Year plan?in Guangxi, the CpC?is planning to "evaluate" the possibility of the ping-Lu Canal (平陸運(yùn)河) that connects the pingtang river to the Qinjiang river in the south.

這條運(yùn)河長(zhǎng)20公里，建造成本非常高。它的長(zhǎng)度是泰國(guó)克拉地峽運(yùn)河的一半。

The canal is 20km long and it is very expensive to build. For reference, it is half the length of the Kra Canal in Thailand.

如果建成，這條運(yùn)河將顯著地推動(dòng)廣西經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。通過連接水路，貨船可以在廣西大部分河網(wǎng)上運(yùn)輸超重型機(jī)器和貨物，這將最終解決廣西的問題！

If it were built, it would be a truly significant boost for the Guangxi economy. With connected water, ships can then carry extra-heavy machinery and goods across most of the river network in Guangxi. It would finally solve the Guangxi problem!

對(duì)于公路和鐵路網(wǎng)的密度和可達(dá)性方面，廣西還有很大的提升空間。我不再具體列出，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)方面與云南和貴州相似。

Regarding its road and railway network, Guangxi still has a lot of rooms to improve in terms of density and accessibility. I will not list their detailed projects because they are similar to Yunnan and Guizhou.

這都是“中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義”在發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì)！

　　Janus Dongye最后總結(jié)道，他希望通過這篇長(zhǎng)文，大家能對(duì)中國(guó)四個(gè)最貧困省份的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r有所了解。需要注意的是，中國(guó)在國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)行的投資遠(yuǎn)超過國(guó)外投資。這些信息都出現(xiàn)在媒體報(bào)道中，只是人們沒有注意到。

此外，上述大多數(shù)項(xiàng)目都是由中國(guó)國(guó)企主導(dǎo)修建的，這樣做實(shí)際上是“虧本的買賣”，但卻給老百姓帶來巨大的社會(huì)效益。這是“中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義”在發(fā)揮作用。這也是為什么美歐等西方國(guó)家做不到也不考慮去做的原因。

And it is also worth noting?that most of the above projects are led by Chinese state enterprises. They lose money for doing this. But they bring huge social benefits to the general people. This is called "socialism with Chinese characteristics" and it is working. That's why the West such as the US and Europe could not achieve nor even consider doing it.

△廣西高速公路的圖片