一般過去時(shí)

一般過去式 表示過去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。

I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰見了他。

一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成如下：

肯定式 疑問式 否定式 疑問否定式

I worked Did i work? I didn't work Did i not work?

He(she it) Did he (she it) He(she it) Did he(she it)

worked work? didn't work not work?

We worked Did we work? We didn't work Did we not work?

You worked Did you work? You din't work Did you not work?

They worked Did they work? They didn't work Did they not work?

一般過去式構(gòu)成：表示一般過去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過去式形式來表示，而動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。動(dòng)詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化如下： 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed 。

worked, played, wanted, acted

以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d。

Lived, moved,　decided, declined, hoped, judged, raised, wiped

以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed。

studied, tried, copied , justified, cried, carried, embodied, emptied

以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed。

stopped, begged, fretted, dragged, dropped, planned, dotted, dripped

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。

go - went， make - made， get - got

buy - bought， come - came， fly-flew

其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式"。be動(dòng)詞的過去式為was, were；行為動(dòng)詞的過去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1）直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些動(dòng)詞變過去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住. 其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動(dòng)詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didn't.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形; 變一般疑問句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

一般過去式的用法：

1) 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如：a minute ago, yesterday,last week,in1900,during the night,in those days，the other day（前幾天）、once up on a time（過去曾經(jīng)）、 just now（剛才）、in the old days（過去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、 When I was 8 years old（當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…）

等。用一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，要表示“過多少時(shí)間之后”一般用after,不用in

如： Tom suddenly fel ill yesterday

Tom 昨天突然生病了。

She didn't look well when i lat saw her

我上次看見她的時(shí)候，她臉色不好

2.一般過去時(shí)也可與 today,this week,this month ,this year 等時(shí)間狀語連用。但是這些時(shí)間狀語必須指過去，決不包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)

如： Did you see him today?

今天你見過他了嗎？

（today實(shí)際上指的是今天的過去某一時(shí)刻）

3.一般過去時(shí)雖不可以與now連用 ，但卻可以和just now（剛才）連用。

如：He went out just now

他剛出去了

4.一般過去時(shí)表示過去的時(shí)候還有以下一些情況

①：用于since從句，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。其后接的since引導(dǎo)的從句一般須用一般過去時(shí)

如：It's been over a year since i came back from the countryside

我從鄉(xiāng)下回來已經(jīng)一年了

（主句的謂語動(dòng)詞 has been 也可以改為 is 但美國(guó)英語多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

②：時(shí)間狀語可以省略，前面說過一般過去時(shí)常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，但下面一些情況下，時(shí)間狀語可以省略---從上文可以清楚地看出來時(shí)間狀語

如：Did you sleep well?---前文如有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所引導(dǎo)時(shí)

如：I have been within an inch of life ,and didn't know it!---和現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比時(shí)候

如： He is no longer the man he was---有表示過去習(xí)慣的used to 時(shí)候

如:I used to play football in the street

③:所表的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成

如：I read a book last week 上星期我讀了一本書

④： 表示死者的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。在英語中。說道死去的人的時(shí)候，一般用過去時(shí)表示

如： Who is the man in the picture? 照片上的人是誰？

He was my father. 他是我父親

⑤： 有感情色彩的時(shí)候如：You asked for it!

你這是自找！

5表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動(dòng)作

常與always，never等連用。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.

彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。

（只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。）

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

比較

Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.

彼得太太老是帶著傘。

（說明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘）

I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。

（不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒）

6）句型：

It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……時(shí)間了"　 "該……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了"　 "早該……了"

It is time for you to go to bed.　 你該睡覺了。

It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'寧愿某人做某事'

I'd rather you came tomorrow.

7) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。

I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

比較：

一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.　

(含義：她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.　

(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)　　

注意： 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。

8）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike?

9）used to / be used to

used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

Mother used not to be so forgetful.　　

Scarf used to take a walk.　 (過去常常散步)

be used to + doing： 對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

He is used to a vegetarian diet.　　

典型例題

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.　　　　　　

A. didn't　　B. couldn't　C. don't　D. can't

答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看 出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。

10）有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語，但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用過去時(shí)。

I didn't know you were in Paris.

我不知道你在巴黎。

（因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前，所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.）

I thought you were ill.

我以為你病了呢。

（這句話應(yīng)是在說話之前，我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒?。?/p>

辨別正誤

Li Ming studied English this morning.

（把此句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌?/p>

（×）1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning？

（動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用原形）

（×） 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning？

（時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用原句子的時(shí)態(tài)）

（×） 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning？

（應(yīng)該用一般動(dòng)詞，而不是be動(dòng)詞）

（О） 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning？

常見錯(cuò)誤如下:

一　把動(dòng)詞變成過去式易出錯(cuò)

例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.

2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.

答案: 1 stopped 2 played

解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"動(dòng)詞變成過去式,雙寫規(guī)律要牢記;y前若是輔音字,y變i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只須直接加-ed."

二忘記把動(dòng)詞變成過去式

例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.

答案: flew

解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"一般過去時(shí)態(tài)里,過去形式莫忘記".

自主檢測(cè):

（一 ）選擇

1 She lived there before he____to China.

A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

2 I _____but_____nothing.

A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard

C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

3 When did you ____here?

A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish

5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?

- _______.

A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

6 -I have had supper.

- When ____you____it?

A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have

答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C

（二） 填空

1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

2 There____(be)a shop not long ago.

3 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.

5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

6 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

7 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

8 When ____you_____(write)this book?

I _____it last year.

9 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

10 I _____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

答案:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go

6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten

三 在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday.

2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday?

答案: 1 didn't go 2 Did have

解析:請(qǐng)記住口訣"見助動(dòng), 用原形."

四易與單三人稱作主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)弄混

例: He taughts (teach) me English last year.

答案: taught

解析:行為動(dòng)詞的過去式無人稱和數(shù)的變化.即使主語是單三人稱,也和其它人稱所用動(dòng)詞的形式一樣.

五易與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)弄混

例: 我看過這部電影

I saw(see) the film.

答案: I have seen (see) the film.

解析:"我看過這部電影"說明我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);

一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子只是說明我看了這場(chǎng)電影,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)..